The following letter was written by 34 year-old Samuel Hoppenstedt who enlisted at Gardiner in August 1862 to serve three years in Co. A, 156 New York Infantry. He mustered into the regiment in November 1862 and mustered out on 23 October 1865 at Augusta, Georgia. He mentions one comrade in the letter, Abram Fuller, who was wounded in action later in 1864 at Winchester, Virginia.
Samuel wrote the letter to his friend, Abraham (“Abram”) Selah Schoonmaker (1819-1879) of Gardiner, Ulster county, New York. Abraham was married to Cornelia DuBois (1826-1886).
Note: This letter is from the personal collection of Kyle A. Williams and was offered for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.
T R A N S C R I P T I O N
Baton Rouge, Louisiana February 20, 1864
Friend Abram,
I sit down to take the opportunity to write you a few lines to inform you that I am well and I hope these few lines may find you and the rest of your family enjoying the same blessing. I have wrote you two letters and han’t had no answer from you. You could not [have] got mine or I have not got yours. It is one or the other. So I thought I would write to you for I felt inquisitive to know how you all got along. I heard that the children had all been sick with the scarlet fever and I would like to know how they are getting along. Abram Fuller got a letter from William the other day stating that they was all sick.
The weather has been very nice for a spell back till yesterday and today it has been cold. Yesterday it snowed. It is bad on the peach blossom and plum blossoms. The trees was white of blossoms. They are plowing and planting potatoes here and making gardens.
Abram, the 22nd of the month this state [will] elect a governor. Then there will be a big time here. These citizens in this place was one year ago strong secesh. Now they are strong Union. They have turned their coat wrong side out this spring. Now they hide their gray sots [?] and put on the blue. It is a good thing for them, I think. By next fall they will all put on the blue and hang up the old stars and stripes for Old Jeff is getting tired of riding the milk steer on Old Abe. The mule helping out the mule is too long winded for the milk steer for the steer is most give out.
I hear that Johnson has left the Gilford and gone to New Jersey and Dewitt is coming in his place. When I heard that, it was big news for me for I thought [he] was pleased. Fuller is well and full of fun. He is in the cook house again.
We are in the rear of Baton Rouge yet. It begins to look like home. I will have to stop for this time for my paper is most full. So I will close my letter by sending my love to you all. Write soon. Tell Carly and the children to write. This is from your friend, — Samuel Hoppen Stedt to his friend, Abram S. Schoonmaker
These letters were written by Matthew Hasbrouck (1828-1879) who was 34 years old when he enrolled on September 6, 1862, at Marbletown, Ulster county, New York, to serve three years in Co. D, 156th New York Infantry. He was promoted from private to quartermaster sergeant by late 1863 and was commissioned 1st Lieutenant of Co. I on 9 March 1864. He mustered out with his company on October 23, 1865, at Augusta, Ga.
Matthew was wounded at the Battle of Winchester on September 19, 1864. His wound was mentioned in Colonel Neafie’s report, October 12, 1864, “I cannot close without expressing my appreciation of the bravery and good conduct of the officers and men of my command. To mention one the officers would seem to impute that others did not do their whole duty, which was not case; but I cannot close without expressing my thanks to Lieut. M. Hasbrouck, Acting Quartermaster, who volunteered his services, and rendered me efficient aid. I regret to state that he received a severe wound from a piece of shell during the last charge, which disabled him temporarily.”
When Matthew enlisted, he was described as a blue-eyed, brown-haired, 5 foor 8 inch tall merchant of Marbletown. According to Dutch Reformed Church Records, Matthew was the son of Isaac S. Hasbrouck and Matilda Barnes of Marbletown. Matthew was married to Jane Catherine Hardenberg (1830-1883) prior to 1850 and had at least five children before enlisting.
Matt’s letters were addressed to Captain (later) Matthias S. Euen of the 156th New York Volunteers.
This quarter plate tintype shows some of the boys of Co. B, 156th New York Infantry around the tent of Lt. Jacob Dubois Hasbrouck—a cousin of Matthew Hasbrouck who served in the same regiment. Soldiers are sporting New York state jackets and fatigue blouses others, pipes, predominantly forage caps and kepis, and boots and brogans. The rifles are p1853 Enfields, with haversacks, knapsacks, and an officer’s style bag tucked underneath the stack. Lt. Hasbrouck enjoys a pipe while reading on an improvised barrel chair. Other soldiers are pointing out the news of the day, while soldiers stand at “Shoulder Arms,” perhaps a cell of soldiers off to guard duty and picket. A large officer’s tent sits open for a rare glimpse inside.
Letter 1
Baton Rouge [Louisiana] 23rd September 1863
Friend Rip,
Your letter was received in due and succinct form and I was much pleased to hear that you had been at my house &c. although I expected to have a much longer letter from you in relation to your trip. However, I have made up my mind to excuse you just for that once if the next is big enough to fill a wheelbarrow.
We are still at Baton Rouge although we have moved our camp nearer to the Penitentiary. We have an excellent camp ground and expect to have some fighting very soon. The rebs have made their appearance outside in force, some say from 10 to 12,000. That woud give our brigade, 4th Wisconsin Cavalry, and 21st Indiana Artillery a dusty hunt, although all rebeldom couldn’t take the fortifications if we could get enough to eat. If they ever drive us inside as they may, then goodbye Baton Rouge. If those old “Bull dogs” [cannon] don’t level this place in no time, my name ain’t Mat. What will yours be?
The Ironclad USS Essex at Baton Rouge (LOC)
Everybody is on guard and picket tonight—cooks and all. I tell you, things look kinder squally. They have been trying to kick up a muss at Donaldsonville again, but the Essex with the small number we had in the fort just sent ’em kiting. Our expedition to Texas by way of Sabine Pass was brought up with a short turn, losing the Clifton and obliged to come back to New Orleans and start again across lots by way of Brashear. Old Bisland is in the way thus again, the “gray backs” having increased the fortifications at that point to a great extent and I suppose have made a very strong place of it as you know could easily be done. If the 156th could only be there now and take the whole dam[n] army prisoners (you remember they took about all that were taken by our brigade the other time), wouldn’t it be glorious.
That order from the War Department offering a bounty of $400 for re-enlistments either in cavalry, infantry, or artillery I am afraid will play the devil with our regiment. At first it seemed as though about five-fourths of it was going in cavalry, but matters look better now and I guess will come out all straight after a little. Hurry up the conscripts.
Your papers are all ready to go in and would have been on the way two weeks since but [Lt. Alfred] Cooley has not been well and I didn’t want to sign too many names. Dr. Smith says he is afraid he [Cooley] may have an attack of the typhoid fever but thinks he is better able constitutionally to stand it than before. I hope so certainly but fear the worst. Your clothing account is short only one cap. Ain’t that good? The rest will all be right of course. Capt. Vaughn & Lieut. Gould have gone home discharged. You will probably see them. Col. Sharpe told me yesterday that in a day or two, he would forward my name for promotion and wished me to write to my Democratic friends to have it pushed through.
I wish I had held a commission a few days since. Our Brigade Commissary has been taken away and there was no one who dared to take hold of the machine and run it. If I wouldn’t have made that salt junk howl, then take me for a ‘orse. If my commission comes, I will want a uniform of course and I wish you would write to me stating what your folks will charge to send me a coat, vest, pants, cap and what measurements they want in order to come somewhere near fitting me. I also want you to tell me what a sword, belts, sash and pistol will cost. Now I want them all first rate. I don’t care about fancy but I know low priced goods are not the cheapest. I want just what you would get for yourself. I wish you would write to me immediately on receipt of this and when my commission comes, it come it do, I will send my order to your firm direct (if you will give me their direction) and enclose a draft together with a note to yourself. In haste.
Yours fraternally, — M. Hasbrouck
Letter 2
Baton Rouge 8th March 1864
Say Mat, Capt. Rip, Major Euen, Lord what a tail our cat has got and then too what a string of titles and how euphonious. I just tell you, there are lots of fellers in the 156th N. Y. Vols right smart glad from Col. Sharpe down, down, down to your humble servant. I wish I was satisfied in regard to my kettle of fish. They don’t cook right. When I received my 2nd Lt. commission and was discharged, I then told Col. Sharpe my wish was to leave. He was opposed to that and although I could do much better outside, I deferred to his wishes and remained, but nearly 3 months have traveled “down the corridors of time” (whew! I feel better I couldn’t think what ’twas bothering me) and I am still nobody. I have been very busy however auditing accounts with the Government and now have only Capt. Mack’s to look after. You will have received yours ‘ere this reaches you. You will see that you want to fill up a letter of advice, sign the papers, and let ’em slide, forwarding the invoices to Johan [Lefevre] unless you can get away very soon yourself. He will have to begin his returns with October and I hope he will be able to close them up before we leave htis place. Cooley is left with the month of September on his hands and good for him. If he had shown a very little disposition to oblige, I would have worked him out but I thought he acted very much as though he would like to see you in a scrape with your returns and I let him go for just his actual value—nothing.
Military movements in this section are kept very still you know, but judging from appearances are likely to mover ere long. We have been ordered to see that every man is provided with all the fixings necessary for a light order march and yesterday the 38th [Mass.] & 156th [N. Y.] were taken down the river about 7 miles to practice march. On the way back, the 156th had a race with the 38th doing 5 miles in an hour. The result as obtained from the most reliable sources is as follows—first, 156th—-38th not to be seen. Very good for the boys and if we do get on a march again together, there will be fun.
My warmest thanks (you wouldn’t like to hear a fellow say “love” would you) to Mrs. Even for kindness in enclosing that music. I think they are first rate—especially “When old friends were here.” It carries me back to the days of individual and national peace, happiness, and love, when each one could enjoy the blessings of a kind Providence under his own vine & fig tree. But God’s ways are not as our ways and while they are often inscrutable, they are just. In this is our hope and consolation. While our National is passing through this bloody ordeal, may we as individuals be so influenced by His Holy Spirit that we too may be refined.
If my commission comes before I leave the regiment, I intend to express about $125 to Messrs. Brooks Brothers for an outfit consisting of cap, coat, vest, pants, sash, sword, pistol, belt and gauntlets. If this reaches you before you leave the City and you have time and know anything of the probability of my commission reaching this place in two or three weeks, it may perhaps be doing me a favor as well as expediting matters if you will leave my name with your house as a friend of yourself requesting them to make the investment for me. Tell [Isaac L.] Signer I have been obliged to sell my mare. She is so heavy with foal that she couldn’t stand a march of two days. I suppose you will bring about 400 recruits for the 156th with you when you come. I would like to see the boys all back again with a regiment right up to maximum. Tell Sigel (so Ellis calls him) that an application has gone on to Washington to enable him to get mustered there and that he must bring all his law books with him as Independent Advocates are in good demand in this country. With kind regards to all, I am as ever your friend and brother, — Mat
Letter 3
Smithville, North Carolina On board Steamer Ashland 9th March 1865
Dear Major,
We are again on the wing with our destination unknown. We left Savannah on the morning of the 6th installment. for Hilton Head when we received orders to go to sea. Orders opened said to go to Wilmington, report to Gen. Schofield, in his absence to Gen. Terry, if both were absent to Gen. Grant in the most expeditious way. Reported by letter to Gen. Terry. Have received no orders. Learn that the steamer Delaware which proceeded us with a part of our brigade went up to Wilmington (by the by, we are 30 miles below). Troops went ashore, were ordered on board again, and ore laying in the stream at Fort Fisher waiting orders. Our division is so broken up at present that it really seems to me as though we might be used as cloating capital for the balance of our period of service, filling up such little holes as may occur. I am tired of shifting the scene of our operations so often. I don’t like being shut up on board transports laying for days within a stones throw of shore and yet not being allowed any communication. Lt. Col. Richardson of 38th Massachusetts has been in command of our brigade since we left Winchester till just as we left Savannah when Col. Day of the 131st New York was transferred from 2nd Brigade to the command of this Brigade. Rather a cooler on Col. R., I think. I hardly expect to receive more than two letters now from home while in the service as we are gadding around so much that by the time a letter gets where we are, are not there. If ever a poor devil was sick and tired of a anything, I am of this service and sacred forever will be the 17th November 1865 if I live to see it.
A party of our prisoners have just come down from Salisbury (now in our possession) who have been paroled and are now on their way to Annapolis to be exchanged. They are a sorry-looking lot of mortals and say that out of 11,000 prisoners at that point, over 5,000 died. I learned no particulars in regard to those of our regiment captured the 19th October [at Cedar Creek, Va.]. James Elmendorf of your company is dead and Moses Daly is here. That is all the news from your company.
I wish you would ascertain if any of the colors of a regiment have found their way to Albany. When Alex[ander] Eltinge went home, he took the old National Colors of the regiment promising to use it in drawing out funds from Ellenville to buy a new one and then send the old one to Albany. He raised over $40 and that is the last we have heard from the money or flag, either new or old. When Capt. Hoyt returned from furlough, he brought a very fine one with him with our battles nicely embroidered on it. This flag together with the State Colors stripped from the staff by Capt. Cooley on 19th October after the color bearer had been shot was taken home by Col. Niafie when he left on furlough about 1st January 1865. That is the last we have heard from them. I fear that some of these days when our friends would like to refer to them as evidences of our patriotism & suffering, they will be wanting. Please find out through the Adjutant General of they have been received. It would be quite a relief to the officers of this regiment to know that they have been properly disposed of.
With kind regards to all friends, I am as ever yours sincerely, — Matt H.
Letter 4
Goldsboro, North Carolina 10th April 1865
My dear friend,
We have made another move on the checker board of our military existence. I believe the 2nd Brigade of our Division now in North Carolina are to be known as the 1st Division, Tenth Corp. at least so say non official report. Capt. [Isaac L.] Signer [of Co. F] just came in and showed me the order for the above from Gen. Schofield. Capt. Signer sends his regards to you. I am glad to get away from Morehead City. The sand there was insufferable. This place is about as large as Ellsworth and before war torn down all fences and destroyed all improvements, no doubt rather pleasant. Sherman’s grand army is leaving and has been for the last 24 hours with 20 days rations and well equipped with all the “materiel” of war. If Johnston don’t move rapidly, Sherman will gobble him up. Sheridan with his gallant cavalry in the van of Lee will no doubt disperse his forces and I look for a speedy dissolution of the rebel armies.
Report says Sam Coykendall is Captain & C[ommisary] S[ergeant]. He either is or his resignation will no doubt be accepted shortly. In either case, the position of Regimental Quartermaster will be vacant and I would like to have it. Please direct your letters to Lieut. instead of Capt. It looks too much like a slur at my want of success in that direction. If the regiment had the requisite numbers, I would take Capt. Jake’s vacant place, but as it is, expect to pass off military life allotted to me with one bar. It is well. Since Grant taught Lincoln, Stanton & Co. to keep their advice and appointments as regards generals in obeyance to his orders, these political hacks have been obliged to turn their attention to scrutinizing the complexion (politically of course) of those whose only recommendation was from their commanding Generals and duties done, and give an unlimited number of appointments of those sneaking devils whose great points were that they stood afar off in civil life and cried Praise God Barebones.
You may remember some controversies we had at Port Hudson in regards to the course of the administration in the conduct of the war. Now I am willing to take the doctrine that to the victor belongs the spoils and fill all civil offices in the control of any administration with its friends, bu I claim under the same law that all military appointments in a time of war should be made from military men exclusively, so long as those in military life possessed proper abilities. I am disappointed tis true in not getting my [Captain’s] commission but would not accept it now under any conditions. I only wait for the 17th November to throw off—no. shake off all claims which A. Lincoln, Esqr. & Co. have on me. Till then and forever, remember me as your friend, — Mat
Cooley says you ask him about second shipments of reading matter. If more reached us. Owing I suppose to our migratory life. — Mat
The following missive addressed to the captain of the transport steamer MenemonSanford, appears to be in the original handwriting of Major General Nathaniel P. Banks who headed the expedition to Louisiana in December 1862. It requests the captain allow the men of the 156th New York to be able to cook their breakfasts aboard ship while en route to New Orleans. The vessel never completed the trip, however. It hit a reef and was sunk in the Florida Keys while being steered through the treacherous waters by the morning pilot, who was arrested for sabotage. Luckily the regiment and the crew were saved from drowning by two Union ships that were nearby.
Major General Nathaniel P. Banks with clipped signature.
Signature on document
For more on the shipwreck of the transport steamer MenemonSanford, readers are referred to Letter 3 of those written by Philip J. Miller of Co. I, 156th New York published by Spared & Shared on a website entitled Staten Island Soldiers.
Transcription
To the Captain of the Transport Steamer Sanford 1
Sir,
I desire that you will take such measures as may be necessary to secure to the troops on board an opportunity to cook their rations for the morning. If it be necessary, orders will be given thus to remove any difficulty that may exist.
I am, Sir. very respectfully your obedient servant, — N. P. Banks, M. G. C. [Major General Commanding]
December 3, 1 o’clock a.m. 1862 by M .S. Ewen, Capt. Co. E.
1 The 26 December 1862 issue of the New York Times published the following description of the wreck of the steamer Menemon Sanford on Carysfort Reef 1.5 miles south of the Turtle Harbor Lighthouse: “The steamer M. Sandford, it is feared, will be a total loss, although the agent of Underwriters, Capt. WELCH, with commendable zeal, has sent a steam pump and all necessary assistance to do whatever can be done in saving the vessel and stores.”
KEY WEST, Monday, Dec. 15, 1862. The Banks expedition has met a serious loss in the wreck of the transport steamer M. Sandford, on Carysport Reef, coast of Florida, near the Light of that name, on the morning of the 10th inst., just before daylight. She had on board the One Hundred and Fifty-sixth Regiment N.Y.S.V., and from one of the officers I learn the following particulars: That at a very early hour in the morning the pilot, a Mr. RICHARDSON, of New-York, was heard to order the ship to be headed S. W. by W., which attracted the attention of some one, who immediately notified the Captain of the steamer, whereupon he came at once upon deck and consulted the pilot, who assured him that all was safe and right, and the water being deep all around her quieted all apprehension, when in less than two minutes the steamer was hard on the perpendicular reef in nine feet of water, drawing eleven feet. She was bilged and immediately filled to the water level. Fortunately there were other transports in sight, which at once tendered assistance. These were the propellers Curlew, George’s Creek and City of Bath, which took off on to their already over-crowded decks about 300 of the troops, and landed them here on the 11th. The balance of 500 arrived here this morning, the 12th, on the naval transport steamer Blackstone and gunboat bark Gemsbok, in tow of the steamer. The Blackstone had left here on the morning to the 10th with Rear-Admiral LARDNER, bound home of New-York, carrying our mails; and the promptness and self-sacrifice manifested in this case calls for our warmest commendation. She is now taking in another supply of coal, and will leave again as soon as that shall be completed, having rendered a very important service in thus relieving this large body of men from the discomfort and destitution of a sunken ship and a consequent tedious trip to this place. The troops are all being very comfortably housed in the extensive barracks here and in the fort, where they will await transportation, which can soon be obtained in sailing vessels now here discharging coals. More than fifty large vessels have been seen passing to the west during the past three days, and no disaster has been reported here except that of the Sandford. We bespeak for them fair weather and prosperous gales to their haven, and then may the fate of war give them a glorious victory in the cause of freedom, unity and good government.”
The following letter was written by Wilbur B. Case (1831-1912) of Milan, Dutchess county, New York. Wilbur was married to Mary Elizabeth Allendorf (1835-1911) in 1860 and the couple had their first child Herman Husted Case in 1866. As required, Wilbur enrolled for the draft in 1863, identifying himself as a 30 year-old farmer, but he was apparently never drafted or, if he was, paid for a substitute to go in his place.
In the 1860 US Census record, John Killmer (b. 1803) was enumerated at a residence next door to Wilbur Case. I did not find him in the 156th New York Infantry so I can’t be certain whom Case is referring to in his note.
Though not named, Case wrote the note to Major Matthias S. Euen of the 156th New York Volunteers. The $400 was undoubtedly a bounty payment for a recruit that had just joined the regiment but the recruit is also not named. We only know that he was a “fatherless boy” who resided with the Case family for a few years before he enlisted in 1865. Most likely Major Euen retained the receipt as proof that he had delivered the bounty to the recruit’s guardian.
Transcription
Lafayetteville [Dutchess county, New York] March 17th 1865
Sir,
With pleasure I acknowledge the receipt of your note of the 11th and must say that I am obliged to you for your punctuality and kindness in preserving the check which is worth the face of it to a fatherless boy who has gone to the field to take up arms in defense of our National flag and hope he may live to enjoy the above sum in time to come. He has been with me for several years and I have a interest in his welfare. If he is in your command, please inform him that it’s all right now. His money is safe. If you see Killmer, tell him I would like to have his address. He can get some friend to send it to me [if] he can’t write himself. Again, I thank you for your kindness and sign myself your friend and well wisher, — Wilbur Case
[docketed on reverse, “Acknowledges the receipt of the $400 check and returns thanks.”]
The following letter was written by James Paltridge (1839-1927) of Ulster county, New York, who enlisted on 2 September 1862 when he was 25 years old to serve three years in Co. E, 156th New York Infantry. He mustered in as a private and was promoted to Corporal on 14 June 1865, and to Sergeant on 1 May 1865.
James’ younger brothers, Edmund (1842-1926) and Samuel (1844-1924) also served in the same company. They were the three of at least eight sons and one daughter born to Richard O. Paltridge (1812-1881) and Hannah D. Elmendorf (1813-1880) of Moderna, Ulster county, New York.
James survived the war and returned to Modena where he married Josephine Babcock (1847-1922) in 1867 and labored as a carpenter.
James’ letter was addressed to his captain, Matthias S. Euen, Co. E, 156th New York Volunteers. Captain Euen had been wounded at Port Hudson in June 1863 but was sent East in the winter of 1863-64 to gather conscripts for the regiment.
Transcription
Baton Rouge [Louisiana] February 16th 1864
Most Esteemed Captain,
With delight your favor of the first was read. We were very happy to hear from you & to hear you was so well. The most of the boys would be delighted to see you once more at our head. We miss your presence & am sorry to part with for so long a time. We can only hope for your speedy return. Many of us are willing to follow you to victory or death.
Gov. Seymour’s message is in our possession. Have you read it? It has been read by many of us & considered one of the most insulting pieces of abuse of the age. It not only abuses the Administration but all engaged in the sacred cause of human liberty & justice—too base to think of. [But as] he is my superior, must therefore hold my peace come what may. 1
Sir, allow me to thank you for your confidence in one so unworthy as myself as you say my temper too often rages too high & say many things before thinking for which sorrow is my only recompense. Captain, the sound of your voice is often wished for. You are talked of daily. To you we owe the many thanks for our reputation as a company. We are willing to follow you over the plains where deadly hail is sweeping many to an untimely grave. I for one will follow the Stars & Stripes to victory or beneath its ample folds fill the rude grave of a soldier. Down with treason—North or South; a crime abhorred by God & true men.
The appearance of the company is as usual. We have clothes & food plenty, are doing Provost Duty, and having good times. James Jansen & [Jabez H.] Crookston started for home today on a furlough. We have no others sick in E Company.
You will please pardon my other note for I had many things on my mind. If I have caused any trouble, am sorry for it and hope you will forgive me with very many wishes for your speedy return. Will close. If you deem this worthy of answer, your letters will be gladly received. The boys, one & all, send their compliments. You may think mine included for they are. Believe me, Sir, to be your subordinate and friend, — James Paltridge
P. S. Shall be very happy to receive your carte-de-visite. There was a mass meeting here yesterday. It was listened to by many of the people of this State. [They] hold their election on the 22nd. The meeting was addressed by Mr. [Michael] Hahn of this state, & a gentleman from Massachusetts.
1 New York Governor Horatio Seymour’s speech was critical of the Lincoln Administration’s prosecution of the war and strongly aligned with the Copperheads in the North who opposed the continuation of the war.
Alfred Cooley after his promotion to Captain of Co. G, 156th New York Infantry
The following letters were written by Alfred Cooley (1839-1899) of Ulster county, New York, who was 28 years old when he enlisted to serve three years in the 156th New York Infantry. He was mustered in as 1st Lieutenant of Co. E on 20 September 1862 and was promoted to Captain of Co. G on 26 January 1864, replacing Capt. John Donaldson who died of disease in September 1863. Alfred survived the war and mustered out with his company at Augusta, Georgia, in October 1865.
Cooley commanded his company in the fight at Cedar Creek where the regiment lost 92 killed, wounded and missing. It was in this engagement, after several of the color-guard had fallen, that the regimental colors were narrowly saved from capture by the bravery of Capt. Alfred Cooley, who stripped the colors from the staff and brought them safely off the field.
Alfred was the son of Charles E. Cooley (1808-1860) and Margaret Ann Esterly (1811-1882) of Modena, Ulster county, New York.
Both letters were addressed to his captain, Matthias S. Euen, Co. E, 156th New York Volunteers. Captain Euen had been wounded at Port Hudson in June 1863 but was sent East in the fall of 1863 to gather conscripts for the regiment.
Letter 1
Headquarters Provost Guard 156th NY Baton Rouge, La. October 13, 1863
Capt. M. S. Euen Dear friend,
Since you left Baton Rouge, I have received three letters from you—one written at New Orleans, one at Memphis, Tenn., and the other in old Ulster. The one written at home of course was the most interesting. It was almost like being there myself to know of your visiting my home & friends. I received a letter from Lydia Morrison a few days since. She seemed very much pleased with your call and also remarked that she thought you was a very kind and good man.
Well, Capt., I will now relate to you some of my troubles. I have had another very severe attack of remittent fever. The doctor said I would have brought about 2/6 at one time. But I am happy to say I would not sell myself very cheap at present. I have recovered very rapidly the last week. I was confined to my bed twenty days which was sufficiently long to make me very weak. Col. Sharpe came to see me twice whilst I was the sickest. He recommended to the doctor that I should go North on a leave of absence. The doctor accordingly drew up the documents and I understand it is going through all right. The doctor thinks I have not been well since I was sick in New Orleans and that a change of climate is the only thing that would permanently rid me of the fever.
When our company was inspected and mustered for pay, Capt. [Alfred] Neafie said Co. E too the shine off of any company in the regiment. I had just procured then new clothes and they had taken great pains in cleaning their guns and accoutrements and it was my opinion that the company never looked better.
Lt. [Johannes] Lefevre returned to duty in the company about three weeks since. He is the same old Lt.—no alteration.
We are having beautiful weather here at present—just cool enough to be pleasant. How do you like waiting for conscripts? Rather dull music I guess. I suppose it is quite cold in New York as it is getting quite late in the fall. Since you left there has been quite a good many deaths in the regiment. Capt. [John] Donaldson died about three weeks since. He was buried in the Soldier’s Cemetery. George Armstrong died very suddenly in New Orleans about two weeks since and a number of others in the different companies.
Give my respects to all enquiring friends—Pete Elting in particular. Yours respectfully, — A. Cooley
Letter 2
Modena, Ulster county [New York] November 20, 1863
Capt. M. S. Euen Dear friend,
I have just arrived from New York. Would have written you whilst there but for want of time and opportunity. The reason I did not meet you at the Hotel (as per arrangements) at the appointed hour is a very plausible and excusable one. There was no trains down that day until evening on account of an accident on the road the day before near Albany. Consequently, I did not arrive in New York until late in the evening. I had not time to visit you on the Island as my Mother was with me and she had made arrangements to return home the next day. I was very sorry not to meet you that evening as I anticipated having a good time. If you do not return to Dixie before I do, we may perchance have another opportunity of meeting in the City. I wish you could visit me at home before we return.
It is the report here that the officers of the 156th are all resigning. We are credited with the Honor of setting an example. I think it is very strange how such reports get started. I saw 1st Sergeant Hines of Co. F in Newburgh a few days since. He said that “Billy” had left the day before to take his command as Lieut. Colonel in the old 156th. I suppose he will be warmly received. I know of no greater insult to our glorious old regiment than to have associated with its history the name of that (“Black Leg”) William Van Wagenen. 1
Capt., my health is very good with the exception of a light cold which I hope soon to get better of. It has been very unpleasant weather since my arrival home. I have not visited any place but New York so you can judge how close I have kept.
I received a letter from Sergeant [Peter M.] Halwick and two (old) letters from Lieut. [Johannes] Lefevre since my arrival. Sergt. [Philip T.] Decker is on the gain and will soon start for the North. I did not receive any particular news. Please write me on receipt of this. Give my regards to all inquiries. Brother John wishes to be remembered. Whilst I remain yours very respectfully, — Alfred Cooley
1 William Van Wagenen was 40 years old when he was mustered into the 156th New York Infantry as captain of Co. C. He was courtmartialed in March 1863, found guilty of numerous charges and fellow officers resisted efforts by Van Wagenen to be reinstated by his political allies. Later in the year he was found guilty of making false statements under oath connected with “a false muster” of himself as Major of the 156th Regiment. He was even arrested and thrown in jail for defrauding recruits from their bounty. See 1863: Evert D. Keator’s Deposition.
Alfred Cooley’s Commission as 1st Lieutenant in Co. E, 156th New York Volunteers
Lt. Johannes Lefevre of Co. E, 156th New York Infantry. He was later seriously wounded in the battle of Cedar Creek and died three weeks later. [Historic Hugenot Street]
The following letters were written by Johannes Lefevre (1837-1864) who enlisted at the age of 26 in Ulster county to serve three years in Co. E, 156th New York Volunteers. He was mustered in as second lieutenant on September 20, 1802; as first lieutenant of Co. B on October 31, 1863; and as captain of Co. E, December 19, 1863. He was wounded in action on October 19,1864, at Cedar Creek, Virginia, and died of his wounds on November 9, 1864, at Winchester, Virginia.
Johannes was the son of Josiah P. Lefevre (1811-1893) and Elizabeth Lefevre (1815-1899) of New Paltz, Ulster county, New York. Johannes attended the New Paltz Academy and then graduated from Claverack Academy in 1860. He followed this with scientific and engineering studies at Union College before entering the service.
All four letters were addressed to his captain, Matthias S. Euen, Co. E, 156th New York Volunteers. Captain Euen had been wounded at Port Hudson in June 1863.
To read other letters by members of the 156th New York Infantry I’ve transcribed and published on Spared & Shared, see: John Stamford Thompson, Co. G, 156 New York (1 Letter) Phillip J. Miller, Co. I, 156th New York (21 Letters)
Letter 1
Headquarters Provost Guard from 156th Regt. N. Y. Infantry November 2, 1863
Dear Captain,
Yours of October 18th was received last night. I was most happy to hear that you had so far recovered your health. I had once heard that you was very sick and it looked as though some fatality had possessed the officers of Co. E—two sick and the third unfit for active duty in the field. Now, however, things look much brighter, Lieut. [Alfred] Cooley has recovered very fast. He started for home last Thursday. I hope the bracing northern air will restore him permanently to health and strength.
Lieut. Peter Eltinge [Co. D] arrived here last Friday. I think his trip North has improved him very much. I never saw him looking better. I hope to see you looking well when you return. He has been mustered in as 1st Lieutenant & assigned to Co. D. My brother [Peter]’s commission as captain [of Co. H] came last evening and also [Charles B.] Western’s as 2nd Lieutenant [in Co. K] & [Edward Openshaw’s as 1st Lieutenant [of Co. E]. I understand that the Colonel has received notice that Cooley has been commissioned Capt. in Capt. [John] Donaldson’s place [in Co. G]. I think that news will help to restore Cooley’s health.
This looks as though the “deadlock” at Albany in regard to the granting of commissions in our regiment had given way. I hope it has so that other deserving officers may be promoted. The political news from Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Iowa is indeed encouraging. I hope that New York will speak out tomorrow in no less decided and patriotic tones, and say to rebellion of the South & treason or Copperheadism at the North, “Thus far thou hast come, but no farther & here let thy haughty waves be staid.”
Standing on a barrel for a length of time was one form of punishment during the Civil War.
I am proud to be able to say that Co. E continues to sustain her former character and good name. We had two or three cases of some of the old soaks getting a little tight just after payday but I invariably found out about it and forced them to tell me where they got their liquor & then punished them besides. I had [44 year-old] Robert Wylie on a barrel one day for being drunk. It hurt his feelings awfully. In fact, it did mine too to have to punish so old a man. But it did the company good. He did not repeat it. I have seized upon & shut up a couple houses for selling liquor to soldiers. We have a new Provost Marshall here—a Lieutenant Colonel of an Ohio Regiment. He is very strict and severe on such places.
They have got up quite an alarm tonight on account of an expected attack upon this post. The outposts have all been withdrawn. The heavy rumbling of artillery wagons is heard and they are planting cannon in every street while heavy squadrons of cavalry go dashing through the streets. All this preparation must mean something. I can’t say that we are “Spilin’ for a fight,” but all this preparation does not produce the peculiar sensation it did last spring.
Captain, if you have time to visit Ulster county again, I wish you would call upon my people. I know they would be very glad to see you. Remember me to all my acquaintances & believe me ever sincerely yours, — J. Lefevre
Letter 2
Quarters Co. E, 156th Regt. N. Y. Vols. Baston Rouge, La. November 8th, 1863
Dear Captain,
It is only a few days since I wrote last but Sergt. [Philip T.] Decker wishes me to write to you again to account for his not writing. Sergt. Decker has been very sick for the last two months. At one time we did not expect him to recover. He is gaining quite fast now though he has a furlough and will go home [to Shawangunk] as soon as he gets a little stronger. He received your letter of September 29th a few days ago. He wanted to write to you very much but was not able yet. I am afraid he will never do much duty as a soldier again.
Jimmy Jansen is sick yet too. I have not heard from him lately. I learn Sparks has died on his way home. [Fred] Latting has been discharged [for disability] and the two drummer boys [James A Ferguson and John H. Moe] are about being discharged. [George N.] Bedford is in New Orleans yet. [Samuel] Kimbark we have lost track of. [James] Flanegan and [Henry] Bunton are quite sick in their quarters. The rest of the company are present and doing well. They speak of you often & wish that you were back again. I have just drawn forty-five dress coats for those who are fit for duty. They look splendid with them on. I wish you could see them.
I am expecting to be superseded shortly in the command of the company as I understand that Openshaw has been promoted to 1st Lieutenant in this company, vice Cooley promoted to Captaincy of Co. G. Openshaw is not mustered, however, and can’t be till Cooley is mustered out, so he can’t take the command over me unless I have a mind to yield it to him till Colley comes back.
Had I known last fall when I was in New Orleans that I was going to be “jumped” quite so soon, I don’t think I would have taken as much trouble as I did to get relieved & be ordered back to my regiment. I thought then that perhaps I would be sorry afterwards for doing it, but my pride in the company connected with your expressed wish overcame my better judgement. And now I see that I was a damed fool for doing it. I thought then that I would rather be a 2nd Lieutenant in Co. E than to have a much higher position elsewhere & I am prouder of the company today than ever. But I will never again decline a good offer.
Is there any likelihood of your being ordered to recruit if you can’t get conscripts? I should think that the prospect of another draft under the recent proclamation of the President would make recruiting quite brisk again. We would like to see you bring some recruits for our regiment but we would be glad to see you back even if you had to come alone.
Hoping to hear from you soon, I remain yours truly, — J. Lefevre
to Capt. M. S. Euen
Letter 3
Quarters, Co. E, 156th N. Y. Vols. Baton Rouge, La. January 10th 1864
I see by my memorandum that it is over a month since I wrote to you last. I did not intend that it should be so long between my letters but then it is very dull & monotonous in camp and with the exceptions of the recent promotions, there is very little to write about.
You seem to think that I was disappointed. I don’t think I said I was. I did not expect any promotion—at least till you got yours—and therefore I was not disappointed much at not getting it then. But I was surprised at least when I was told that there was a commission in the camp for me. True, Col. [Jacob] Sharpe had told me that he had recommended me but I did not expect that I would get it for a while yet.
It is too bad that all those who have been promoted to 2nd Lieutenant lately can’t get mustered. I hope the folks at home will hurry and fill up the regiment so that they can all get mustered. As it is, I don’t know what to do. It is rather expensive supporting the dignity of an officer without the pay. [Jacob S.] Eckert is mad and is trying to get home. I guess he has vented some of his passion onto you as he read me a part of a letter he was going to send to you. I told him he was wrong, for whatever you had said to him, you meant it for his good and he should take it so. He is very hasty and often abuses his best friends.
I should mention that I have been assigned to Co. B but have been left in command of Co. E & I hope I may be permitted to stay there. I took Co. E out on dress parade with the regiment the other evening at the request of Capt. [Alfred] Neafie (or Lieut. Colonel Neafie. It was the first they have been on dress parade for over five months. The Colonel who was present said the company looked very fine. Capt. Neafie (or Lieut. Colonel Neafie now, I suppose, I should say) wants me to bring the company over & join in parade with the regiment whenever I can. But it is not very often that our men are off duty at that time of day.
Corp. [Samuel] Kimbark who you know has been missing so long, died at the Barracks Hospital at New Orleans on the 24th of November.
When do you think you will get back here? The returns of the company are getting very much behind hand. I believe Mat. Hasbrouck has been doing something at the Clothing returns for last summer but they are still nearly six months behind & the ordnance returns are nearly a year behind hand.
If you are not likely to get back in some months, would it not be better to have an inventory taken ad have the things turned over to me, or whoever is put in command of the company? I have a list of what property there was on hand when Cooley left. I expect that Cooley will be back shortly and don’t know whether he will take command of this company again or not. But I hardly think he will. They will want him in Co. G as [William J.] Purdy has resigned. We have scarcely as many officers as companies in the regiment now. Only one captain present and he has offered his resignation. Write often and believe me ever yours truly, — J. Lefevre
Letter 4
Headquarters Co. E, 156th N. Y. V. Baton Rouge, La. March 1, 1864
Captain, dear sir,
Your favor of February 1st was received some days ago just before I was ordered to proceed to New Orleans in charge of about fifty Confederate prisoners so my answer has been delayed longer than it would have been otherwise. And since returning from New Orleans I have had the pay rolls & other matters which come at the end of the month to attend to.
You were not quite correctly informed about returns by Capt. Cooley. I don’t think it was intentional, however, on his part to deceive you about it, but only that his memory was a little affected by his recent severe illness. Your returns for clothing, camp & garrison equipage, were made out by Mat [Hasbrouck] up to the first of September & are all right of course. I took command of the company about the first of October & will receipt to you for all camp and garrison equipage your last return shows as on hand, & will date the receipts of the 1st of October if you wish it. Of course whatever I have drawn since that, I am responsible for.
The Ordnance is not quite straight. Your ordnance return for the 1st Quarter of ’63 was made out by yourself (judging from the handwriting) but for some reason or other seems never to have been forwarded to Washington—at least I found all three copies in your desk some months ago, before Cooley went home & spoke to him about it. He replied by saying he guessed it was all right & that I must not muss with your papers so I said nothing more about it.
Mat. [Hasbrouck] says he will fix it out for the next two quarters of ’63 in a few days. For the last quarter of ’63, I will make out the returns, if I can get you invoices of the stuff which was on hand when I took command of the company. I might have taken it up as “found in the company.” but I preferred to wait till I could get your invoices. Of course we are a considerable short on ordnance, &c., but I don’t think it will be very difficult to account for that that as lost during the summer campaign which was actually the case as none of the guns which were taken to the hospitals by those men who died or were discharged there ever came back to the company except six which I got a couple months ago form the hospitals in this town & then some of the plates and small equipments were gone.
Those guns which Holwick tells me were delivered to the Quartermaster of Port Hudson never came back either. I heard once that Co. F got some.
We have now within twelve guns as many as your return of March 31st shows on hand & about the same as to bayonets and cartridge boxes & a few more wanting of belts and plates. I have written out for Mat. [Hasbrouck] a short statement as to where I thought the losses had occurred but I suppose you can tell him better about that than I can. You remember four men of our company were taken prisoners at Brashear City, La. There were wounded on the battlefield of Port Hudson & a great number were sent to hospitals from the march. As to how many of thm lost their guns at these places, I can’t say. I do know that the five who died at New Orleans, we never got any guns or equipments back for the simple reason that we could not send after them.
An 1864 image of Capt. Johannes Lefevre
Sergt. [George] Grim has had charge of the surplus ordnance on hand & I have had him or Holwick take frequent inventories of it to see that nothing was lost. I will let Mat. forward to you his statement as to what is on hand & if you will send me invoices for it, I will give you receipts & date them back to the first of October too, thus relieving you from all responsibility after that date. As to any before that, of course I could not go as I was absent from the company entirely. So much for business!
I am very much obliged to you, Captain, for your suggestion that I be retained in Co. E! for although it is not exactly my company any longer, still I prefer it to any other. Col. Sharpe told me that I should reain here till you come back at least, and perhaps longer.
The spring campaign is opening with very little probability of our being moved from here. We hear of Sherman’s operations about Mobile but as yet have nothing definite. The health of the company and of the regiment is very good. Have got all of sick Shawangunkites home on furloughs. I don’t know whether they will ever come back or not. I have sent to have [George] Crans arrested. I expect his folks will pitch into me for it but I can’t help it & what is more, I don’t care much if they do. I shall recommend his being reduced to the ranks the moment he gets back here.
I suppose you have heard that Corp. [Longinus] Bates has gone home on recruiting service with Capt. [Orville D.] Jewett [of Co. I] & several noncoms. I have two sergeants and two corporals for duty with the company. The rest are all detailed away or sick. Corp. Bates, I believe, is to be appointed Commissary Sergeant, vice [Samuel H. B.] Schoonmaker who has just received a commission as 1st Lieutenant in an artillery regiment [15th Artillery] of the Army of the Potomac.
Henry Hess has been transferred to the Invalid Corps. Robert Terwilliger is detailed in charge of the guard at the government sawmill in town. Write when you can. Respectfully yours, — Johannes Lefevre
The following letters were written by Lydia Elizabeth Morrison (1832-1904), the daughter of John Bush Morrison (1793-1853) and Sarah Dougherty (1796-1872) of Plattekill, Ulster county, New York. In the 1860 US Census, 25 year-old Lydia was residing in Plattekill with her 64 year-old widowed mother and 21 year-old brother Charles Drake Morrison.
1st Sergeant Charles D. Morrison
The letters pertain to the illness and death of her brother Charles who enlisted as a private in Co. E, 156th New York Infantry in August 1862 and rose in rank to 1st Sergeant before he died of typhoid fever on 18 May 1863 at the Soldiers Hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He lies buried in Grave No. 2179 of Section 33 at the Baton Rouge National Cemetery. When he enlisted, Charlie was described as a 24 year-old farmer with brown hair and blue eyes who stood 5 feet 10 inches tall.
Lydia wrote the letters to Capt. Matthias S. Euen (1833-1898) of Co. E, 156th New York Infantry. He was wounded at Port Hudson on 14 June 1863 (shortly after the 2nd letter was written) and was later promoted to Major and Colonel of the 156th New York.
Letter 1
Plattekill [Ulster county, New York] May 18th 1863
Capt. Euen Dear and respected sir,
We received a letter from brother Charles dated General Hospital, Baton Rouge, April 27th, saying he was better but very weak. He wrote but a few lines and we judge more from the manner of writing than from what he said that it would be a long time before he would regain his strength.
We have talked the matter over at home and thought it would do no harm to write to you and see if he did not get able to join his regiment and was able to travel, if you could not send him home on Gov. business. We do not think it would be expedient to send him home on a furlough (even though that could be procured) as he would then have to bear his own expenses and I do not suppose he would think he could afford to as his pay is not sufficient to warrant his coming at his own expense. Charles knows nothing of our writing to you on the subject. He said he had good care and attendance in the hospital and makes not a word of complaint.
We know he will not be willing to come home on any consideration if he is able to join his regiment. I feel so sorry for him—poor fellow. He went from home brimming full of patriotism and in all his letters home has expressed nothing but the most devoted enthusiasm in the cause in which he has sacrificed a good and pleasant home and warm and loving friends. Charlie is my youngest brother and the pet of my widowed mother. We would do anything in our power to have him restored to health if possible. He complains that he has not heard from home since the first of March although we have written to him some seven or eight times.
I hope you will excuse the liberty I have taken in writing to you and our anxiety to secure Charlie’s return to health will I hope please my excuse. And if you can find it expedient in any way to have him sent home provided it is necessary to ensure his restoration, will you please do what you can for him, and in return receive the warmest thanks of his mother and friends. That an all-wise and kind Providence will protect you from sickness and that Rebel bullets may never find your hearts blood, that you may again meet your family and friends in this world is the prayer of your friend, — Lydia E. Morrison, sister of Charles D. Morrison
P. S. I have been told that a woman could not write a letter without the addition of a “post script.” For that reason I add mine. I see by the paper the 156th has been doing good service and that Co. E was second to none in bravery and promtness in obeying orders. Charlie regrets that he was “counted out.” Mother sends you her kind regards and says she loves you for Charlie’s sake. — L. E. M.
To Capt. Euen, 156th Regt., Louisiana.
Letter 2
Plattekill, [New York] June 10th 1863
Dear and respected sir,
Your letter mailed at New Orleans June 1st we received today. I hasten to reply as we are very anxious that this should reach you as soon as possible. We had heard of the painful intelligence of our dear brother’s death before your kind letter reached us. He wrote to us himself only two days before he died. He did not expect to live when he wrote it and his mind was as clear as in his most healthful days. It was a great source of comfort to us that he wrote with his own dear hand but it is very hard to think that we will never see his dear face or hear his loved voice again.
I wrote to you some three weeks ago asking you to use your influence un having him sent home of possible but he has gone to another and I trust better world. No thought or care can bring him home. But we would like so much that his remains might be sent home. I suppose it could not be now but if his grave is marked, it might be that at some time his dear body might mingle with the dust of his loved ones whose remains now sleep in our own church yard. Charlie was very dear to us. We loved him. Oh! so much. He is the third child my afflicted mother has lost within three years and not a year between any of them. 1 Then it is so hard to think he never received one letter from home, from the time he was taken sick until his death. But God doeth with His children as seems good and His ways are right and just, and we have no right to murmur at His providence.
I sent Charles an envelope containing a silk handkerchief. Mother wishes you to open it and accept it as a keepsake from him. You can easily tell it. The postage was double and it is very soft. Then will you have his grave marked and will you please to send his effects if he had any home. Also his letters—all but the one I spoke of and please keep that. Charles had a watch and that was about the only thing of any value that I suppose he left but it would be a comfort to have all he left come home.
It was so kind in you to write to us and I hope you may live to come home to your wife and family. Charles in speaking of you said you were a man and that sums up everything in one word.
A friend that Charles made wile in the hospital wrote that he had charge of his things and would send them to you. Charles did not possess the constitution to stand the hardships of a soldier’s life and we knew it, and it was such a grief to have him go for we were sure he would not return. Oh! that this was was over. It makes so many desolate hearts and hearthstones. Poor Charlie, he was so anxious to strike a blow for his country, but it was not to be.
I will not intrude further on your time—only to say that though you are a stranger to us, yet we are your warm friends. And our best wishes and earnest prayer will follow you that you may come home when your duty as a soldier is performed. And may God bless you is our earnest desire. I am respectfully your friend, — Lydia E. Morrison
Plattekill, New York
1 The other siblings were Isabella H. Morrison (1825-1862) and Mary Caroline Morrison (1838-1861).
I believe the following message was penned by Lt. Henry Laurence but I was unable to identify him more specifically. It was written to Major Matthias S. Euen of the 156th New York Infantry which was assigned to duty in the Department of Georgia until mustered out of service in late October 1865 at Augusta.
Transcription
Headquarters District Northern Georgia Augusta, Georgia July 3rd 1864
Maj. M. S. Ewen [Euen] Commanding 156th N. Y. V. Athens, Georgia
I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours of 30th installment. The General Commanding directs me to say that you be very careful in the handling of Colored people. The action taken by you is approved. Let the Grist Mill run on such terms as you deem best.
Blanks will be furnished you as soon as we get them from Headquarters Department of the South. Have none at present. Do the best you can. Try and have your returns in on the days named tri-monthlies on 5th, 15th, and 26th of each month & monthly returns on 26th of each month if you have to rule them.
Respectfully your obedient servant, — Henry Laurence, Lt. & A. A. A. G.
The following letter was written by Charles Henry Taylor (1846-1921) of Co. F, 38th Massachusetts Infantry who was wounded in the 14 June 1863 (2nd) assault on Port Hudson. In that assault, the 38th was brigaded with the 31st and 53rd Massachusetts, as well as the 156th New York under the command of Col. Oliver P. Gooding in Brig. Gen. Halbert Paine’s 3rd Division of the 19th Army Corps.
The regimental history of the 38th informs us that the regiment along with the 53rd, were exposed “to a severe fire” in the assault on Port Hudson and the men fell “thick and fast…the nature of the ground rendered it impossible to keep a line and the four advance regiments (which included the 8th Wisconsin and the 8th New Hampshire) soon became completely mixed up.” Hand-grenades that had been distributed to some of the men to throw into the enemies works proved “a complete failure and had been thrown back by the enemy to make sad havoc” in [the Union] ranks. “More than one third of the 38th and one quarter of the 53rd lay wounded and dying on the hills and ravines” pinned down until darkness when the scattered survivors finally withdrew from the field.
From this letter we learn that Charles was among the wounded of the 38th Massachusetts and we also learn the details of the death of a private named George Armstrong, a 19 year-old private from Gardiner, Ulster county, New York, who served as a private in Co. E, 156th New York Infantry. The company roster records George as having been wounded in the assault on Port Hudson on 14 June 1863 but attributes his death on 18 September 1863 to “disease” rather than due to his battle wound—a shell fragment to the forehead. The letter to George’s mother, in response to one received asking for the particulars of her son’s death, was penned by Charles from his home in Charlestown, Massachusetts, where he was recovering from his wound and awaiting a discharge from the service.
Charles was born in Boston in 1846 and was employed as a compositor on the Boston Traveler when he enlisted in the 38th Massachusetts. After his discharge, he studied shorthand and became a reporter for the same newspaper. He later became secretary to Gov. Claflin and a member of the Massachusetts legislature. In 1873 he became the editor of the Boston Globe and was the first Vice President of the Associated Press in 1905.
George (1846-1863) was the son of Joshua Armstrong (1811-1895) and Eliza Dingee (1826-1916) of Gardiner, Ulster county, New York. It should be noted that George’s father, Joshua, served with him in the same company and survived the war. In the following letter, Charles indicates that he gave to Joshua the bible that George carried with him. No doubt it was Joshua who informed his wife that more particulars of their son’s death might be obtained by writing to Charles.
Charlestown [Massachusetts] December 15, 1863, Tuesday evening
Dear Madam,
I have just received your letter this evening. You supposed I was in New Orleans. I was lucky enough to get a furlough and I have been at home now nearly two months. I have just got my old letters that were directed to the regiment. I suppose you have been wondering why I did not answer your letter. I can sympathize with you as I can realize how my mother would feel under the same circumstances. I readily excuse the liberty you took in writing to mem and I will try and answer your questions with regard to your son’s death.
I got acquainted with George last June in the hospital. We were wounded on the same day and sent to the same hospital. Although not in the same regiment, we were in the same brigade. I think that George was fully worthy of the esteem in which he was held by his friends at home. No mother need feel ashamed of George Armstrong as far as I have known him. He was always very conscientious and was in my belief fully prepared to die. I hope and trust that when I come to die, I shall be as well prepared as I think your son was.
We all thought as you did with regard to his getting well of his wound. I thought it strange that his head never ached. He appeared well up to within twenty-eight hours of his death. He wound was right on his forehead, not under his hair, but on the right hand side of his head. It was not any larger than a five-cent piece and he never complained of his head until the night preceding his death. We were playing cards merely for pleasure to pass away time (I never played for money in my life) and George was sitting on my bed and he said he would go to bed as his head ached (this was at about eight). At ten he was taken with fits up to the time he died. I do not think he was conscious of anything happening around him. He seemed to be in a sort of stupor and once on about six hours he has a sort of a fit. His brain was affected inside of his wound. It was called by the doctor an abscess on the brain.
You wanted to know if he died in a fit. He did not. He passed away as sweetly and calmly as though he had been sleeping. We hardly knew when he was dead—he looked so peaceful and sweet. We did not know it in fact until we found his limbs cold and stiffening. He was the sweetest and best-looking corpse I ever beheld and I have seen a great many. I was about the same age that he was and that made us think more of each other. He seemed quite pleased at the prospect of a furlough or a discharge and I know he would have been glad to have come home. His discharge had been applied for. He never said much to me on the subject of Christianity. I think he was a true and devoted Christian. He was constantly reading his Bible and showed by his speech and behavior that he had been with the Savior. There were many good men (many of them ministers) that came in to talk to us and we had quite a number of good books to read. George had some which I gave to his father with his Bible. The last words that I heard George speak rationally were the words, “I am tired, my head aches tonight and I guess I will go to bed,” The next day while in that sort of stupor I spoke of, he wanted to look in the glass and the nurse let him.
The reason I was in the hospital was because I was wounded in the right shoulder by a musket ball. It went down into my side, partially paralyzing my right arm and I expect to get discharged on it here at home, the ball being still in me. It was a piece of a shell that struck your son. I am thankful I gave my heart to Christ before I was called into such scenes as it has been my lot to pass through. 1
I believe I have written an answer to all your questions. I would that I could better satisfy your heart, but I feel that I cannot. If you see fit to answer this and wish to know of anything more, I will cheerfully answer you to the extent of my ability. I trust that God will give you strength to bear your affliction with Christian fortitude. Receive this from your sincere friend and well wisher, — Charles H. Taylor, Charlestown, Mass.
Directions 66 Ferrin Street.
1 Lewis Josselyn also served in the 38th Massachusetts and wrote the following in a letter addressed to his parents the day after the June 14th assault on Port Hudson. “The ground that lay between us was all hills and gullies or ravines as we call them , and trees were fell in all directions over the whole space, excepting in one place where there was a kind of road, the road we afterwards learned the rebels had got a cannon mounted so as to rake it, so up the road we went at the double quick the rebs pouring a perfect torrent of bullets upon us. They saw it was no use for us to go up, for every one of us would be killed so they ordered us to lay down, it was here that our Colonel was killed as you probably have heard, he had just got an order from the General when he was shot and died almost instantly. There were many others killed but it was a wonder that there was not more, for there was bullets flying by the bushel, we got in the best place we could until dark and then retreated…”See: Civil War Talk 7 August 2018.
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