Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland February 24th 1865
Dear Friend Edwin,
It has been quite a while since I have written or heard from any of my folks or friends so do not know whether they are all alive or not. I have not written to my folks yet since I was released. I arrived here last Sunday and am as well as can be expected after starving in the Libby four months but thank God I am out of it alive. I shall not write to my folks because I shall be at home on a furlough next week if nothing happens. If you see any of them, you can tell them my furlough was made out yesterday and today I was mustered for two months pay. As soon as we get that, we shall start. I think it we will get it Monday. I hope this will find you all well and alive. Goodbye for the present. From your friend, — Edward Phillips
This unusual letter was written by Samuel “Frank” Haskell (1839-1922), the son of Jasper Haskell (1805-1874) and Salley Fickett (197901871) of Poland, Androscoggin county, Maine. Frank was wounded in the right arm on 16 June 1864 in the opening assault on Petersburg while serving as a sergeant in Co. C, 17th Maine Infantry. His wound was so severe that it required the amputation of his arm and resulted in his discharge on 15 December 1864.
We learn from Frank’s letter that he first enlisted in Co. K, 5th Maine Infantry. He was mustered into that regiment on 24 June 1861 and was taken a prisoner in the Battle of Bull Run on 21 July. His military record states that he was confined at Richmond, Va, and Charleston, S. C. before being released sometime in mid-February 1862.
Frank’s letter provides us with a description of his attempt to escape Libby Prison in the fall of 1861, which was successful, but he was recaptured just before making it back to Union lines.
Frank wrote the letter to William Oland Bourne (1819-1901), editor of The Soldier’s Friend, who sponsored a contest in 1865-1866 in which Union soldiers and sailors who lost their right arms by disability or amputation during the Civil War were invited to submit samples of their penmanship using their left hands. The contest, which awarded a total of $1,000 in prizes for the winning entries, was followed in 1867 by a second contest, which awarded $500 in prizes. A very large number of letters were submitted to Bourne which are now housed in the Library of Congress along with some photographs on the contestants. Most likely the following letter was a personal copy (or first draft) of the letter than Frank submitted. Unfortunately Frank’s picture is not among those in the Library of Congress. See Wm. Oland Bourne Papers.
[Note: This letter is from the personal collection of Greg Herr and was transcribed and published on Spared & shared by express consent.]
S. Frank Haskell is listed as Contributor No. 41 on this published sheet.There were at least 267 entries.
Transcription
Augusta, Maine September 25th 1865
Mr. Bourne,
Dear sir, I saw in “The Soldier’s Friend” your offer of $200 premium for the best specimen of left hand penmanship written by a disabled soldier and as I am one of the number who have lost their right arm in behalf of “Our Country” have concluded to enter the list as a competitor for the prize.
My first experience was in the Fifth Maine Regiment which left the State on or about the 20th of June 1865 [1861] and on the 21st of July participated in the first battle of “Bull Run” where I was taken prisoner, carried to Richmond, and lodged in “Libby Prison.” After remaining there about two months, I resolved to make an effort for liberty and having once made up my mind I could think of nothing but to make preparation for my escape and journey. I saved a part of my scanty allowance each day and at the expiration of a week had layed by enough together with what some of the boys had given me from their rations to last about three days.
Here a new difficulty presented itself. The room is which I was confined was in the third story of the prison and some means must be adopted to get to the ground. Plan after plan was suggested for the accomplishment of this object but they were all given up as hopeless and I began to think my project must be abandoned when all at once a happy thought strikes me. I have one confidential friend to whom I have told all and he rejoiced in the possession of a blanket. If he would give it to me, I was almost sure I could make my escape. Still I did not like to ask him for the nights were cold and I knew he would suffer for the want of it. But the thought of gaining my liberty and being once more a free man soon overcame all such scruples and I went to him and asked him if he would give me his blanket.
He very kindly told me to take it and said he would do anything he could to help me. I took the blanket and as soon as the darkness set in commenced tearing it into strips. In this way I made a rope and a few minutes before 12 o’clock, I made my rope fast to a window and after slinging my haversack on my shoulder and saying goodbye to my friend, I began my descent. I succeeded in reaching the ground in safety and gave the rope a slight jerk which was the signal to draw it up and that all so far had worked well. 1
I was now outside of the prison but I still had a high fence to climb and outside of this fence the guards were posted. Fortunately for me, however, the night was pitchy dark and the rain falling in torrents. I suppose the guards were all under an old shed that stood near trying to keep out of the rain. At all events, they were no doing their duty and I succeeded in reaching the street without further difficulty. But it would occupy too much space to give all the particulars of my journey so I will only say that after traveling ten days, sleeping in the woods, living on green corn and sometimes a piece of corn bread from a negro cabin, I was recaptured within half a mile of our pickets and taken back to Richmond. A few days after this I was sent to Charleston, S. C. with a lot more of the most unruly and insubordinate of the prisoners (we saw this paragraph in [one] of their papers) for safekeeping. I was at length paroled after spending nearly ten months in prison.
I came home and stopped about two months. At that time the 17th Maine was being organized and feeling that I had not seen quite enough of “the show,” I enlisted in that regiment and was with it until the 16th of June 1864. On that day, while charging a line of the enemy’s works, a minié ball struck my right arm, fracturing the elbow joing so as to cause amputation. While in the 17th, I participated in the following battles—Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, The Cedars, Mine Run, Locust Grove, Gettysburg, The Wilderness, Coal [Cold] Harbor, North Anna River, Spottsylvania, and number of smaller engagements not worth mentioning. I am at present attending the Augusta Commercial College. I have been here about three weeks. Enclosed please find a sample of my writing written the day I commenced taking lessons at this Institution. My Post Office address is Augusta, Maine.
Very truly yours, — S. Frank Haskell, late Sergt. in Co. C, 17th Maine Regt.
1 Early in the war when the tobacco warehouse was first used as a prison, the windows did not have bars on them.
The following diary was kept by Hiram Luther Sibley who summed up his own war-time experience in the following, brief abstract.
Lt. Hiram Luther Sibley, 1862
“I was a lieutenant in Co. B, 116th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. I resigned [my position in] the County Common Pleas clerk’s office in Meigs County, Ohio, to go into the service under the second call for 300,000 men in 1862. I was captured with part of General R. H. Milroy’s command, near Winchester, Va., on June 15th, 1863, by the advance (Ewell’s corps) of Lee’s army. On June 22nd I went to Libby. May 7, 1864, I went out, going to Danville, Virginia, about a week, and thence to Macon, Georgia, where I stayed till July 30th, when I was taken to Savannah. There I was kept till September 13th, when I was carried to Charleston, S. C., and put “under fire” (from our bombardment of the city) until October 5th, when I was taken to what came to be known as Camp Sorghum, about three miles from Columbia, S. C. There I stayed until December 9th, 1864, when, as one of the sick or wounded, I was taken back to Charleston and the next day (the 10th) was exchanged, being a prisoner eighteen months, lacking five days.”
Sibley was the son on Rev. Ezekiel Sibley (1814-1885) and Phebe Simons (1815-1896). He was married to Esther (“Ett”) Ann Ellis (1835-1916) in April 1858 in Meigs county, Ohio, and after the couple had one boy, Willie (b. 1860) at the time that Sibley entered the service.
Sibley’s 1864 pocket diary measures 6×3 inches
[Note: This diary is from the personal collection of Don Andrew and was transcribed and published on Spared & Shared by express consent.]
Transcription
Officers in Libby Prison
January 1864
[intro. been in captivity 7 months—Other claim that the prison authorities granted the privilege of burning candles until midnight. Normally pitch black after nine at night.]
Friday, January 1, 1864—In Libby Prison, Richmond, Va. Still blessed with health. I opened my eyes on the first morning of the New Year. Weather is fine, but cool, and the atmosphere delightfully pure. Am still reading “Kent.” Day generally passed off quietly for New Year’s Day. 1
1 Sibley writes that day passed off “quietly for New Years Day” and perhaps it did in contrast to the customary day-long celebrations in peace time. One source, however, claims that at midnight, after the sentry shouted, “Twelve o’clock! Post No. 1—all’s well!” a solitary voice began singing the Star Spangled Banner which was joined by others until the “the swelling strain” rose from “every room in the building.” [Libby Life, page 125]
Saturday, 2—Health good. Last night the coldest of the season. Did not sleep warm. Very cold with sharp wind during the day. Water pipes frozen and all the water brought up in pails. Some “rumors” on exchange but, although good, they are little relied on. Still hope for the best.
Sunday, 3—Weather more pleasant today. Wrote letter to my wife and to A. E. McL. Passed the day pleasantly as could be expected. Read (as my daily pass time is) a portion of scripture. Did not read any law, although I did some miscellaneous reading. Am in fine health.
Esther (“Ette”) Sibley
Monday, January 4, 1864—Pleasant weather. Signs of rain toward night. Got two letters—one from Ett; the other from Will. Some rumors on exchange. They gain but little credit. Had a sermon in our room this evening by one of the officers. City papers in bad spirits on the “prospect.” Health good.
Tuesday, 5—Weather “murky” with some sprinkling in the morning. Lots in the day. Became quite pleasant. But little news. Papers despondent and gloomy over the prospects of Confederacy. My health good. Continue reading law.
Wednesday, 6—Weather cool and a light fall of snow—the first of the season. Wrote letter to Will and to Ett. A list of names verified by calling it over and having each officer answer as called. Some hope [that] it indicates exchange. Fear they will be disappointed but wish, most earnestly, the contrary.
Thursday, January 7, 1864—Cold night and pleasant morning. Very cool, however, this evening. But little news today. [Gen.] Early is said to be in the Valley with 9,000 men—foraging, I think. Rebels are hard pressed for food as the adjutant of the prison says the guards have not had meat for four days! Health good. No [exchange] boat up yet.
Friday, 8—Night cold with a light snow. Day also cool but pleasant in the afternoon. Col. [Abel Delos] Streight 2 and Capt. [J. E. B.] Reed 3 released from their cells. They look thin and careworn. No rumors today! But little news and no boat. Extracts from Northern papers look unfavorable for exchange. Health good. Am reading law.
2 Col Abel Delos Streight (1828-1892) of the 51st Indiana Vols. commanded a cavalry raid (known as Streight’s Raid) in 1863 which was a failure. He was taken prisoner on 3 May 1863 at Cedar Bluff, Alabama, and taken to Libby Prison where he remained ten months. He was one of dozens of soldiers who escaped the prison on 9 February 1864 by passing through a tunnel that had been secretly dug below the prison and under the adjoining street.
3 Capt. J. E. B. Reed of the 51st Indiana Vols.
Saturday, 9—Cold night and pleasant day. Meetings called in each room to devise measures to prevent selling of U. S. Sanitary Commission goods at auction. A good deal of felling manifested. Generals John Morgan and A. P. Hill visited prison. Did not see them as they did not come in our room.
Sunday, January 10, 1864—Another cold night followed by a pleasant day. Papers say this is the coldest winter of many years. Read nine chapters in Isaiah and several Psalms. Also begun Capt. Szabad’s “Theory and Practice of War.” Harpers publisher. Rumored that Gen. Burnsides is in command at Fort Monroe.
Monday, 11—Warmer night and pleasanter day. Commenced 2nd Volume of “Phillips’ Evidence,” 4 for second reading today. Read 49 pages with my valued, highly esteemed, educated, and talented friend, Adj. B. F. Blair of 123rd OVI. I regard it as both a privilege and pleasure to study with such a friend.
4 The book Sibley was studying was “A Treatise on the Law of Evidence” by Samuel March Phillips. It was published in 1829. Sibley informs us that his studying partner was Lt. Benjamin F. Blair, the Adjutant of the 123rd OVI who was taken prisoner with his Colonel, William Tecumseh Wilson. In a letter dated 1 November 1863, Col. Wilson wrote his wife that About 1,000 of us are confined to seven rooms in which we cook, wash, eat, sleep, and do everything else, not being permitted to go outside the door for any purpose. The building is full of vermin and a portion of each day is devoted to skirmishing, as we call it, but which vulgar people would probably term “hunting lice.” We’re an interesting looking set of pets when this part of the daily labor is performed…Most of our time is spent in reading when matter can be had, playing cards, checkers, chess, fighting our battles over, and talking about the loved ones at home, that is, when not engaged in cooking or washing clothes. It is very monotonous, and as one of my companions frequently remarks, “a hard way of serving the Lord,” but the proud consciousness that we are suffering all this for our country enables us to bear it with comparative cheerfulness.” [See Dan Masters’ Civil War Chronicles, “A Hard Way of Serving the Lord.”
Tuesday, 12—Night still warmer and day more pleasant. Read 55 pages in Phillips. It is rumored that a fight is progressing at Wilmington, S. C. Some little snow yet on the ground and the canal is still frozen over though the river is cleared of ice.
Wednesday, January 13, 1864—Warm night and warm day. Promise of rain tonight. Read 70 pages of Phillips with my friend Blair. Rumored fight off Wilmington proved correct. Rebels lost another vessel. She was owned by Richmond. Rebel Major on parole here today. He has to return unexchanged.
Thursday, 14—Day warm and very like spring. Read 60 pages Phillips. Papers confess loss of another “Blockader.” Boat said to be up and I wrote a short letter to Ett. Rumors afloat about exchange. Am in fine health.
Friday, 15—A little colder today. Read 60 pages in Phillips. Boat did come up and also brought dispatches to the Rebel commissioner of exchange. He sent down to City Point. Seven months today since I was captured. Will it be as long before I am free? May God forbid!
Saturday, January 16, 1864—Cool morning and pleasant day. Boat load of boxes came up and a “monstor” mail is said to be on hand. This gladdens the hearts of all as it has been more than two weeks since we had any letters. Read 50 pages in Phillips. Exchange stock low; health good.
Sunday 17—Weather pleasant but cool—more like early spring than winter. Wrote a letter to “Ben” and Col. Wildes. Day passed off quietly. A rumor is afloat this evening favorable to an exchange. God knows I wish it may prove true!
Monday, 18—Weather warm, drizzly, disagreeable day. Bad for work, either of body or mind. I therefore rested; or more plainly, did nothing. Papers represent “Exchange Stock” as “gone up.” They are such notorious liars that I am half inclined to take them contra, or think stock good.
Tuesday, January 19, 1864—Weather cool, clear and windy. Papers say all the Sanitary Commission goods received per last boat are “confiscated.” Letters came once more this evening and I was so happy as to get two—one from home, one from W. City. Read 50 pages of Phillips.
Wednesday, 20—Weather pleasant but cool. Wrote letter to Ett and to Cons F. J. J. Also read 58 pages in Phillips completing 2nd Volume. Papers say boxes are not confiscated. Am glad to hear it. Got another letter from Ett of December 25th. Me well.
Thursday, 21—Morning warm and pleasant but evening cool. Wrote a “line” to Ett to be carried by Col. Powell, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, who goes North by first boat. Read 56 pages in 3rd Volume Phillips. Also McBeth. This is the fifth day since meat has been issued to us.
Friday, January 22, 1864—Morning cold and day very pleasant. Really like spring. Read 50 pages in Phillips and half of Hamlet. No meat today. Our only rations are half loaf of cornbread and a little rice. Am in good health and anxiously hoping for good news on exchanges.
Saturday, 23—Weather warm and spring-like. Read 50 pages Phillips and finished Hamlet. List of names of all the officers taken for the third or fourth time. Rumored that 400 of us go to Salisbury, North Carolina. Rebels moving troops on railroad.
Sunday, 24—Weather most delightful. As warm as a Northern April. Felt miserably bad all day. Read the “Sedges,” “Gleason’s Pictorial,” Burns, Shakespeare, Waverly Magazine, and the Bible. Day dragged heavily, however, and never felt a stronger desire to see the dear loved ones at home.
Monday, January 25, 1864—Again, most beautiful weather & little more breezy than yesterday. Read 45 pages of Phillips. Also a little more Shakespeare and a Tale or two. Do not feel quite as well as I did a few weeks back. Hope to keep along, however, till the good time does come.
Tuesday, 25—The finest sort of spring day if it had not been in the middle of winter. Read 53 pages Phillips besides some miscellaneous reading. Took a good gymnastic exercise in the evening along with Capt. Davis of 18th Connecticut. Have felt quite well today.
Wednesday 27—Day like yesterday. Capt. Sawyer son Ould today who says there is no prospect of exchange in consequence of refusal of government to parole the excess nigger as no bar and Butler would soon be disposed of if [ ] are paroled.
Thursday, January 28, 1864—Weather same as yesterday. Have “power of attorney” to Col. H. H. Powell, 2nd Va. Cavalry, to draw my pay from February 28th 1863 till January 31st 1864. He goes North tomorrow. Gave him note to Cons. J. W. City. Read 58 pages Phillips. Wrote letter to E. H. and to [ ]. Crossbars of wood taken out and iron bars put in our windows.
Friday 29. Weather still like spring. Did not read much owing to a chat with friend Blair which consumed most of my reading time. Major Bates and Capt. Porter escaped today. The former going by the guards in citizen’s dress and the latter in Confederate soldier’s clothes. 5
5 “Some officers in the Libby having, notwithstanding the vigilant eye of Major Turner and the fidelity of his guards, discovered some flaws in his precautions for the safe-keeping of his prisoners, arranged their plans accordingly—they were ready for the opportunity precisely at the critical moment when it was ready for them, and five in number, they coolly walked out of the prison one fine afternoon. The first flaw was this: that visitors, mostly citizens of Richmond, were permitted to enter the prison and to leave it without being challenged by the sentries. The next flaw was, that when the invalid officers attended “sick call,” every morning, they passed through the same door on their way to the doctor’s office, through which these visitors passed in and out unmolested. It was no difficult matter for them to attire themselves in citizen’s clothing, or like workmen, or Rebel soldiers, and to avail themselves of this door as a means of exit, not toward the doctor’s office, but up the nearest street into the city.” [Libby Life, pp. 139-140]
Saturday 30. Weather cooler with signs of rain. A good deal of excitement about escaping and three men gone! Rebs found it out, however, [ ] in the day and put [ ] out at once. Rumor that Maj. [Erastus Newton] Bates has been caught. Roll calls…[illegible]
Sunday, January 31, 1864—Weather a little cool with sprinkling in the morning. Roll call again by Major [Thomas P.] Turner, but it is said he found 40 too many! Maj. Bates, poor fellow, was retaken. He had gone 15 miles, was taken sick, went to a house and was there captured. He is in the cell sick. 6
6 Erastus Newton Bates (1828-1898) was a lawyer practicing in Centralia, Illinois, when he mustered into the 80th Illinois as Major. He was captured in May 1863 by Forrest’s cavalry and held in Libby Prison. He escaped briefly in January 1864 but was quickly recaptured. Illness prevented Bates from participating in the escape of 109 of his fellow officers from Libby on Feb. 9, and he was soon transferred to a prison in South Carolina. Released in Sept. 1864, Bates returned to his regiment as lieutenant colonel in Jan. 1865, and was mustered out in June with the rank of brevet brigadier general of volunteers.
Major Thomas P. Turner (left), former commandant of Libby Prison, sits with General Jubal A. Early in Havana, Cuba, in 1865
February 1864
Monday, February 1—Weather clear and warm. Read 70 pages in Phillips and began to read John Brent by [Theodore] Winthrop who was killed at Big Bethel early in the war. Order read by Maj. Turner limiting prisoners to one letter each per week to their friends.
Tuesday 2—Weather warmer and quite pleasant. Got two letters…[remainder illegible]
Wednesday, February 3, 1864—Finished John Brent—a book containing passages of great power and the most thrilling interest. [ ] Culp, one of the lately escaped prisoners was brought back today. He is the third one recaptured. The others are yet at large.
Thursday, 4—Weather clear, cold and pleasant. Read 42 pages Kent’s 1st Volume, 22 of 2nd Volume, and began The Life of Douglas Jerrold by his son [Blanchard Jerrold]. Papers say a boat is expected up today. Give “Peace Resolutions” to resolve the Negro exchange to Rebel Congress. Also Lincoln’s last call for 500, 000 men.
Friday, 5—Weather clear and pleasant. Read 42 pages [illegible]
Saturday, February 6, 1864—Cool. cloudy morning but rather pleasant mid-day with signs of rain in afternoon. Read 40 pages 1st, and 10 pages Kent’s 4th Vol. Also more of Jerrold. Maj. Sterling and Capt. Ives and Reed sent to Salisbury, North Carolina. Some letters were distributed today but I failed to get any to my great sorrow.
Sunday, 7—Weather cold and [ ]. Excitement in city [illegible]
Monday 8—[Illegible]
Tuesday, February 9, 1864—[illegible]
Escape from Libby Prison through a tunnel.
Diagram of the tunnel appearing in Col. Rose’s Story of the famous tunnel escape from Libby Prison.We see the tunnel length was approximately fifty feet.
Wednesday, 10—Weather clear and cold. One hundred and nine officers escaped last night by a tunnel from the prison under a street into a yard near. Only seven retaken this evening. As soon as roll was called, the escape was known and then another roll by name which occupied most of the day.
Thursday 11—Same kind of weather as yesterday. Twenty-two of escaped prisoners retaken and two killed up to date. Read 48 pages Kent’s 1st Vol. Am in fair health and spirits although chagrined that I knew nothing of the “escapade” until too late to take part.
Friday, February 12, 1864—Weather clear and rather warm toward evening. Read 42 pages Kent’s 1st, and 15 in 4th Vol. A few more of the escaped prisoners brought in and put with their recaptured comrades in the cells. Rumored that Meade is flanking Lee while force is gathering on Peninsula.
Saturday 13—Weather pleasant and warm. Read 43 pages Kent’s 1st and 14 of his 2nd Vol. Received two letters from Ett; one of 11. The other of 24 Jan. Forty of the escaped prisoners recaptured to date. Am in good health for such a life as this. Thanks to “Our Father.”
Sunday, 14—Weather pleasant and quite windy. Several more prisoners brought in today. Twenty released from their cells last evening and more tonight. Wrote a letter to Ett. Read no law today as it is contrary to “established rules” so to do.
Monday, February 15, 1864—Weather cool with slight fall of snow in the afternoon. Read 42 pages Kent’s 1st Vol. and 15 of 4th Vol. Prospects very gloomy as regards exchange. Have almost ceased to hope for it while the war lasts. Am in fair health.
Tuesday, February 16—Cool night and cold day. Snow melted however about the middle of the day. Read 40 pages Kent’s 1st Vol. and 15 of his 2nd Vol. Rebels claim in papers to have captured Gen. [Eliakim P.] Scammon and party on boat on the Great Kanawha. Feel decidedly “blue.” [See Capture of Gen. Scammon on the Ohio River, Feb. 2, 1864]
A sketch entitled “Paroled, a prison dream” appearing in the book, Libby Life.
Wednesday, February 17—Very cold night and day to correspond. Rebel guard patrolled the prison once an hour during the night. Evidently afraid of another tunnel. Read 44 pages Kent’s 1st Vol. Prospect of another cold night. Boat looked for.
Thursday, February 18, 1864—Weather very cold and quite windy. Read 40 pages Kent’s 1st Vol. and continued reading Kames’s Elements of Criticism.” Larger rations of bread with a few turnips and a little cabbage now issued. Brig. Gen. Scammon and staff arrived in Libby.
Friday 19—Cold morning but day more pleasant. Read 40 pages Kent’s and more of “The Elements.” Boat up this morning with 20 tons freight and news from North. Col. Streight and 17 others in our lines on 8th. Rebels evidently troubled about Mobile.
Saturday, 20—Weather warm and pleasant. Read 30 pages Kent’s and more of Kames’s Elements. Several surgeons ask to go North on boat now up. Sent note by one—Dr. Robinson. Rumors afloat about exchange. Do not rely on them.
Sunday, February 21, 1864—Very pleasant day. Air balmy as spring. Read considerably in the Bible—in Exodus. Boat that came up Thursday said to be still at City Point. Rumors of exchange rife. Wrote letter to Ett and to Milt.
Monday, 22—Morning cool but a pleasant day. Read 30 papers Kent which completes second reading of the first volume. Also more in Kames’s which, by the way, I like very much. Another boat said to be up though forst one not gone.
Lt. Col. John J. Polsley, 8th West Virginia played chess with Sibley in Libby Prison.
Tuesday, 23—Weather very pleasant. Added, if possible, to the [ ] one’s [ ] the “courts of freedom.” Read 40 pages, 2nd Vol. Kent and more after. Rebels claim to have captured 65 of the escapees, thus leaving 45 still at large.
Wednesday, February 24, 1864—Weather still like the finest spring. Read 40 pages, 2nd Vol. Kent. Also put out a washing of 1 pair drawers, two shirts, and 1 pair socks. Played chess evening with Lt. Col. [John J.] Polsley of 8th Virginia. Had word that L. Col. Powell had collected my pay, &c.
Thursday, 25—Pleasant, but not quite so warm. Read 40 pages Kent and more of Kames’s. Received a letter from Ben. Rumored in evening that a boat is up. Roll call about 11 o’clock last night. Rebels feared someone had escaped.
Major Alfred B. Wade, 73rd Indiana Vols.Released from Libby Prison by “special exchange” on 26 February 1864. (LOC)
Friday, 26. Weather cool and windy like a Northern March day. Read 42 pages Kent. Received several more letters—one from Father, two from wife, one from Flors, Ben, and Milt. They make my heart glad. Maj. [Alfred B.] Wade, 73rd Indiana Vols. went North today by special exchange. More to go soon. Boat up with ten tons freight.
Saturday, February 27, 1864—Weather very spring-like. Read but little as we ewre all confined in one room used as a kitchen, while all the other rooms were searched for arms. However, began Bulwer’s “Strange Story.” Col. N[ichols] received a box which adds materially to our comfort and well being.
Sunday, 28—Day unusually fine and warm. Finished the Strange Story which I regard as a powerfully written work. If I live, shall read more of Bulwer’s works hereafter. Was at prayer meeting in the evening. Forcibly carried back to similar meetings at home.
Monday, 29—Day warm, damp, and rainy. Willie’s birthday. God bless him. Col. N[ichols] got another box. It was a very good one from his wife. Was so interrupted by its arrival that I read but little law. Read some of Kames’s and finished Book of Exodus in the Bible.
March 1864
Tuesday, March 1, 1864—Day rainy and dismal. Papers give an account of large bodies on each flank of Lee, one of which had cut the Virginia Central Railroad. Read 40 pages of Kent and some of Kames’s.
Wednesday, 2—Day clear and cool.Union troops in vicinity of Richmond and great excitement prevailing in the city. The militia all out. Last night we went to bed prepared to stir at a moment’s warning in case our forces dashed in the city…
Thursday, 3—Weather very pleasant. Raiders said to be gone. From 50 to 150 prisoners brought in by rebs including several officers. Letters came today. I got one from Will. Read 40 pages Kent.
Friday, March 4, 1864—Late “raid” proves a failure as far as capturing Richmond is concerned. 7 Read 40 pages Kent and some of Kames’s. Heard by Col. Nichols that the prison is undermined and that we will be “blown to atoms” if we attempt to escape.
7 Sibley is referring to what has been called the Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid (February 28-March 3, 1864) which attempted to penetrate the light Rebel defenses around Richmond. It proved an utter failure due to weather delays and miscommunication between the separate forces and accomplished nothing but the minor destruction of railroad and buildings. One of the stated objectives of the raid was to release the Union prisoners at Libby Prison but the troopers never made it into the city. If anything, the raid worsened the relations between those responsible for brokering exchange of prisoners as papers found on Col. Ulric Dahgren’s corpse suggested that the raiders also intended to assassinate Pres. Jefferson Davis. Curiously, Sibley stops recording diary entries shorty after this raid for a period of time leaving us to wonder if he had lost all hope for securing his freedom once again.Years later, Sibley would write of the failed raid on Richmond, “The whole affair comes very vividly to my memory in going over the paper. Besides, the night following, we could at times hear the boom of cannon which told that the raiders were in the vicinity of Richmond, and if they got in, I with three others alone [Col. Nichols, General Neal Dow, and Gen. Eliakim P. Scammon] knew the facts which Dr. [W. A.] Smith gave Colonel Nichols expecting the springing of the mine. A more uneasy night I never yet have passed. [Source: Record of the 116th Ohio Infantry Volunteers, Thomas F. Wildes, page 130]
Saturday, 5—Weather clear and cool. Boat reported up with 80 men and 60 officers for exchange. Read 40 pages Kent. Raid entirely over and our forces away from the city. Dr. W. A. Smith—the man who said we will be blown up.
Sunday, 6 March 1864 through Tuesday, 3 May 1864—[no entries]
May 1864
Wednesday, 4—Read four letters from home—latest April 21st. All contained good news. Were most gladly received as they were the first for several weeks.
Friday, May 6, 1864—Rumored this evening that we are to go to Americus, Georgia, tomorrow. 8 Roused at 11 o’clock p.m. with orders to get ready for a march to Petersburg, Va. All confusion and bustle rest of day.
8 “Commonly known as Andersonville, the military prison facility was officially named Camp Sumter, in honor of the county in which it was located. Construction of the camp began in early 1864 after the decision had been made to relocate Union prisoners to a more secure location. This decision was made because of the battles taking place near Richmond, VA where many prisoners were being held, and as a way to procure a greater food supply. The first prisoners arrived at Camp Sumter in late February 1864. Over the course of the next few months approximately 400 prisoners arrived daily. By June 1864 over 26,000 prisoners were confined in a stockade designed to house 10,000. The largest number of prisoners held at one time was 33,000 in August 1864.” [Source: History of Andersonville Prison]
Saturday, 7—Left “Libby” forever, I hope. An hour after day[light], crossed river and took cars for Danville, Va. Here put into box cars like so many hogs, 50 to a car. Weather very hot and the confinement almost intolerable. Distance 140 miles. Two or three escaped from train.
Sunday, 8—Arrived at Danville a little before day. Here taken to two buildings and put 500 in each. Conveniences very few but rations better than at Richmond. Rumored news from Grant good. Same of Gen. Smith south of James River.
Monday, May 9, 1864—Weather very warm. News (by rumor) good so far as fighting is concerned. My health quite good. Rations better here than at Libby although we are more crowded and subject to many inconveniences. Wrote a letter home yesterday.
Tuesday, 10—Weather rather more pleasant than yesterday. Got “war news” from Richmond Enquirer of 9th. Think Grant will yet be victorious notwithstanding rebel “jubilations.” Rumors of our going to Georgia tomorrow.
Wednesday, 11—Still fine dry weather. News still seems good both north and south of Richmond. Received orders to be ready to move at 2 o’clock a.m. tomorrow. Destination not known, but suppose it to be Georgia. Heard shower late in evening.
Thursday, May 12, 1864—When called up as per notice, and, about 8:30 o’clock a.m., took cars for Greensboro, North Carolina. Found the road incomplete 25 miles from Danville which cost all a walk of 6 miles. Laid out on the wet ground till 12 M [noon] when took train and reached Greensboro at sunrise.
Friday, 13—Weather wet yesterday. Fair today. Passed through Salisbury, North Carolina, and saw rebel military prison there. reached Charlottesville, N. C., where we drew rations and changed cars. Left about 12 M after being several hours in the rain.
Saturday, 14—Weather fair again although night was rainy. Reached Columbia, S. C. today. Changed cars near there and proceeded, night being rather rainy. Country poorer and more sparsely settled than the section of N. C. which er passed through.
Sunday, May 15, 1864—Weather fair and quite warm. Reached Augusta, Georgia, toward night where we changed cars, with orders to remain until morning. Were guarded by “home guards” who treated us well. This is a very beautiful city with some 20,000 population—many Union.
Monday, 16—Weather quite warm. Left city about 9 o’clock a.m. in route for Macon or Americus, we know not which. Stopped about 10 miles out until 4 p.m. when we proceeded on our journey. Country swampy in places and evidently owned in large tracts.
Tuesday, 17—Reached Macon a little after sunrise. Here put into a new prisoners’ camp of about [ ] acres, without tents—no shelter if any kind. We numbered in all 801—a loss of 54 since we left Libby—mostly by escape. My health better than when left Libby though not very. 9
9 The lesser known Union officers’ prison established at Macon, Georgia, sometimes referred to as “Camp Oglethorpe,” was approximately 90 miles northeast of Andersonville. It was sited on the Bibb County fairground. It consisted of a tree-acre open field that would eventually be surrounded by a 12-foot high wooden fence. Any shelter for the prisoners would have to be constructed by the prisoners themselves with scrap lumber made available to them. Much of what is know of this prison comes from the letters of U. S. Army Chaplain Henry S. White, a recent captive who arrived at the camp a few days before Sibley in May 1864. He wrote of their arrival” “One day we saw a column of the roughest looking men pass us toward the stockade. They were the captives from Libby Prison, Richmond, Va. Toward night our company was turned into the stockade with them. A new class of suffering was before me. The men were old prisoners, and pale and haggard. They were ragged, and som partly naked. They were filthy, and covered with vermin. Prison life makes men hard, selfish and rough.” [Source: Ten Weeks in a Macon Prison, 1864: A New England Chaplain’s Account, The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Winter 1986) pp. 669-702]
Wednesday, May 18, 1864—Weather quite warm. Camp becoming organized. Ten thousand ft. lumber given to make shelter and floor for 942 men! Most liberal Confeds. Day passed away without anything startling unless the rebel news that two brigades of Lee’s army had whipped Grant with 20,000 loss may be called so.
Thursday, 19—Weather warm and dry. Johnson still “falling back before Sherman. Rebels claim that Lee gained victory over Grant in Virginia in which we lost 47,000 men. They say our papers admit this. Don’t believe it!
Friday, 20—Weather warm and dry. Military [news] much as yesterday. Sherman is said to have come after evacuated it of course. Gold said to be $2.10 in New York by our own papers. Don’t believe it!
Saturday, May 21, 1864—Weather warm and dry. Military news much as yesterday. Very misty from Va., however, although rebels still claim the advantage. We believe they were whipped. Begin to build sheds to shelter prisoners today. Am studying Tactics and reading Draper’s Physiology.
Sunday, 22—Warm and dry again. Some new prisoners came in bringing cheering news from Grant and Sherman. Grant whipped Lee in all fights up to the 16th, taking from 15,000 to 20,000 prisoners, but no general engagement. Gold $160-1. Sherman after Johnston. Within 20 miles of Atlanta. Preaching which I attended.
Monday, 23—Weather still dry and warm. But little news. Some of the “escapees” recaptured and brought in. Lt. Wood of regiment died in the night.
Tuesday, May 24, 1864—Signs of rain but still none. Brig. Generals [Truman] Seymour and [Alexander] Shaler 10 with 109 other officers captured by Lee, came in. Funeral and burial of Lt. Wood today. News brought by prisoners still good—confirming what we heard from other sources.
10 General Truman Seymour was an 1846 graduate of West Point. He was serving under Major Anderson’s command at Fort Sumter in 1861. He was considered a brash officer—often successful in battle but at a severe human cost. He was captured in the Wilderness in May 1864. Alexander Shaler, was not a career military officer but had extensive militia experience before the war and proved a capable officer. Ironically, Shaler commanded the POW Camp at Johnson’s Island during the winter of 1863-64 while his regiment, the 65th New York Infantry, served as prison guards. During the Overland campaign, Shaler was captured early in the fighting in the Wilderness when his regiment was flanked.
Wednesday, 25—Weather pleasant although it rained during the night. News still favorable both from Grant and Sherman. Rebels call Grant a greater liar than Pope because he still claims victories over Lee. Their own accounts of the battles admit a substantial victory for us. Grant’s masterly strategy is also admitted.
Thursday, 26—Weather warm although a little rain during the night. Helped build shed today and went into one but not until I got a good wetting from a driving summer shower. Built a good bunk with help of Lieut. [Ezra D.] Carpenter, 18th Connecticut—one of my mess. 11
11 Ezra D. Carpenter was a 2nd Lieutenant in Co. B, 18th Connecticut Infantry who mustered into the regiment in August 1862. The regiment’s first major battle was at Winchester in mid-June 1863 where he was taken prisoner and marched to Libby Prison. His story and eventual escape from captivity after 21 months is described here: “Escape from Libby Prison.”
Friday, May 27, 1864—Very warm today. The thermometer has shown 90o in shade since we have been here. New comers still bring good news from Grant and Sherman.
Saturday, 28—Weather same as yesterday. Tunnel discovered which caused some stir amongst the rebels. good news from both armies by new comers. Wrote a letter home. Asked for box with coffee, sugar, molasses, flour, shoes, socks, and dried or canned fruit.
Sunday, 29—No change in weather. Attended preaching by one of our chaplains in forenoon. A good sermon. Subject: Trial of Abraham’s faith when he was ordered to sacrifice Isaac. Also attended service in the evening. Oh what would I not have given to be at church with my loved ones.
Monday, May 30, 1864—Weather warm and dry. No news of special importance. A few prisoners come in every day or two. All agree that the campaign is going favorably, north and south. Some new comers in from Sherman and Sigel. Learn that our regiment is with Sigel’s in the Valley.
Tuesday, 31st—Warm and dry weather. Some new comers from St. Johns, Florida. Two pieces artillery mounted so as to bear on the camp. Nobody scared, I guess! Stood picket first part of night.
June 1864
Wednesday, June 1—Morning quite warm with light rain afternoon. A fine day for the first of summer. Roll call showed 1,172 officers here this morning. Four of them are Brig. Generals to wit: Wessells, Scammon, Shaler, and Seymour. The last two from Gen. Grant’s army. War news good.
Thursday, June 2, 1864—Fair morning with wind and a dash of rain toward evening. War news good, both by forced admissions of rebel papers, and reports or prisoners. A new Captain (Gibbs) in command of prison. 12 A few letters came but none for me.
12 Capt. George C. Gibbs, former commander of the 42nd North Carolina Infantry, replaced Capt. W. Kemper Tabb of Maryland who ran the prison with an iron hand. Prisoners had nothing good to say about him; he even broke up religious services because the prisoners prayed for President Abraham Lincoln. When Gibbs took over command, he became convinced that the prisoners intended a breakout and so he hardened the perimeter and set up the cannon hoping to deter thoughts of escape. [See “That Thing of Infamy, Macon’s Camp Oglethorpe During the Civil War, by Morton R. McInvale, Georgia Historical Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 2 (summer 1979), page 285]
Friday, 3—Weather a repetition of yesterday. Wrote a letter home. Am feeling deeply disappointed at the waning prospect for an exchange. Am led to think that prisoners have been most unjustly treated by our authorities. Thousands have already gone to premature graves in consequence.
Saturday, 4—A very rainy day. Our sheds kept water out when finished. War news good. Two officers escaped—one with a trowel in his hand by walking past the guard; the other by riding out under a wagon bed.
Sunday, June 5, 1864—Weather quite warm. Attended preaching in the morning and evening. Had good practical discourses from both services. Rose very early in the morning. Think I will try “early rising” for a while.
Monday, 6—Weather very warm. Upwards of sixty officers came in, chiefly captures from Butler and Grant. General tone of war news good. Wrote a letter home.
Tuesday, 7—Weather very warm with light shower in evening. Rebels claim to have destroyed 90,000 of Grant’s army since Va. campaign begun. They put their own loss in same time at 15,000!
Wednesday, June 8, 1864—Very warm day.
Thursday, 9—Very warm again. Began practice in sword exercise this evening. Some excitement caused by report that Gen. Fremont had been nominated for President by a “radical” convention at Cleveland, Ohio. Hope it is not true.
Friday, 10—Very warm with thundershowers in the evening. Five Brig. Generals, 7 Colonels, 9 Lt. Colonels, [and] 9 Majors ordered to be ready for taking train at 3:15 p.m. Destination unknown. Many hope it is for exchange and speculation is rife as to the real purpose of the move. Hope it is for the best for all.
Saturday, June 11, 1864—Pleasant morning with very heavy shower toward night. Rumored that the officers who left yesterday have [either] gone to Richmond, to Savannah for exchange, or to Charleston to be put in range of the batteries shelling that city. Don’t know which to believe but doubt the latter. An officer fired on the by the guard and mortally wounded.
Sunday, 12—Fair morning but wet evening and night. Wounded man died at 2 o’clock a.m. A foul murder. Attended preaching in the morning. Had good discourse on observance of the Sabbath. Nothing definite as to the officers taken away.
Monday, 13—Rainy day. Wrote letter home yesterday. A few letters came in and I got none. Have had none for nearly six weeks.
Tuesday, June 14, 1864—Cloudy and cool. About 40 officers came in from Virginia. Generally give good reports of fighting. Received a letter from my dear wife dated May 7th—the first for six weeks. Was both thankful and glad to hear that all my near and dear friends were then well.
Wednesday, 15—Clearer and warmer. Most beautiful moonlight evening. Anniversary of my capture. One whole year passed as a prisoner to traitor enemies of my country. God alone knows its sorrows and trials. Am most thankful that my life and health have been spared. Praise God from whom all blessings flow.
Thursday, 16—Weather fare and more like summer. Papers today say that the fifty officers lately taken from here have been sent to Charleston, S. C. to be put in range of the batteries which are shelling the city. One of them wishes all of us men sent there.
Friday, June 17, 1864—Rainy and disagreeable. Wrote a letter to my dear wife. God bless her and my darling boy. No papers permitted to come in. War news said to be bad for the rebels. Petersburg, Va., and Atlanta, Ga., reported to be in our possession. I await to hear it confirmed.
Saturday 18—Weather same as yesterday. Several prisoners came in from Virginia, among whom is Lt. [George W.] Jenkins of 9th West Virginia Vols. He was wounded in battle of Dublin Depot in Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, left of the field for dead, and subsequently made a prisoner. Was very glad to meet an old friend. Good war news received in camp.
Sunday 19—Fair most of day with showers in the afternoon. Attended preaching in morning and evening, Had very good practical discourse. But little news of any kind. Papers are still withheld. It is said, too, that our letters fail to get through.
Monday, June 20, 1864—Cloudy morning, but cleared up during the day. About 40 officers came in from Sturgis’ command, lately captured by Forrest [in the Battle of Brice’s Cross Roads]. Represent the affair as one of the most disgraceful of the war on our part, owing either to incapacity or drunkenness on the part of Gen. [Samuel Davis] Sturgis. Negro troops fought badly.
Tuesday, 21—Morning fair and evening rain. But little news. Rebel paper (Macon Telegraph) admits a loss of 43 general officers in killed, wounded, and disabled, since the first of May, Grant still maintains his new position on the “south side.”
Wednesday, 22—Weather warm and strange to tell—no rain! A few more “Fresh Fish.” Generally agree that Grant and Sherman are all right. Resolutions gather up by a portion of officers here asking privilege to send a commissioner to Washington, &c.
Thursday, June 23, 1864—Very warm and still no rain. One year today sinnce I entered Libby Prison at Richmond, Va. No news from Richmond in paper today. I think Grant has cut it off. Rumored that Sherman is in general engagement with Johnston.
Friday, 24—One of warmest days of the season. Rumored that Ewell’s Corps of Lee’s army has reinforced Johnston and that a battle is now going on. More new comers—mostly from Grant’s army. They are in fine spirits and represent Grant to be all right.
Saturday, 25—Weather very warm day. Lt. Col. von [ ], one of the old Libbyites came in today. He was captured by Forrest after being only eight days with his regiment. Not very well—my stomach and bowels bring out of order.
Sunday, June 26, 1864—Again very warm. Attended preaching in the evening by Rev. J. B. Williamson, formerly agent for Hollister & Co., of Marietta, Ohio. Feel better than I did yesterday although I sigh for the society of the dear loved ones at home.
Monday, 27—Very warm most of the day with a very refreshing thunder shower in the evening. Three tunnels which were nearly completed and would probably have let out 200 or 300 officers were found by the rebels—as is generally believed from information given by a traitor in our midst.
Tuesday, 28—Quite pleasant with showers after dark. News scarce owing to not bringing in any papers. One smuggled through and very gloomy in the tone. Prayer meeting in the evening which I was at.
Wednesday, June 29, 1864—Very warm with little news, it being difficult to get papers. Communication has been for some time cut off from Virginia by raiders. Am reading Humes’ History of England; Draper’s Physiology being completed.
Thursday, 30—Very warm day—the last of first summer month. Bummer month. But little news. Rebels claim to have gained great victory over Sherman but I don’t believe them.
July 1864
Friday, July 1—Very warm with a little rain afternoon. Rebels claim to be gaining advantages all round. Report gold at 240 in New York City on the 23rd ult. Am recovered from a light attack of flux.
Saturday, July 2, 1864—Very warm but a nice breeze made the day quite pleasant nonetheless. A few officers from Sherman represent affairs as going well in that army.
Sunday, 3—A warm summer day. I attended church in the evening. Heard some very sensible and timely remarks upon the necessity of individual to national morality and righteousness.
Monday, 4—Very warm day. Early in the morning an enthusiastic spirit began to manifest itself and a miniature American flag being displayed, it soon became evident that the day was to be celebrated. This was done in animated and patriotic speeches and songs. 13
13 Sibley’s characterization of the 4th of July celebratory events, including the presence of a homemade national flag, is corroborated by the diary of another Union officer, Abram Songer of Co. G, 21st Illinois Infantry. [See “A Hidden Gem of a Civil War Diary” by David T. Dixon published on Emerging Civil War, 23 March 2021]
Tuesday, July 5, 1864—A warm day but with a slight breeze, somewhat pleasant. Rumors afloat of a victory by Sherman over Johnston. Hope they may prove true and think it not improbable that they are. My health is very good considering my situation.
Wednesday 6—Hot July weather and gathering dry and dusty. Papers smuggled in admit that Johnston has had to leave Marietta and Kenesaw Mountain. It is said also that Gen. Foster is knocking at the door of Charleston. No communication yet with Lee.
Thursday, 7—Weather warm and dry. Papers say the gridiron waved over Kenesaw Sunday the 3rd. A couple of “Fresh Fish” came in from Grant’s raiders. They say Grant is all right.
Friday, July 8, 1864—Very warm. Signs of rain in evening but none fell. Some rumors but nothing of importance which is reliable.
Saturday 9—Very warm and dry. Rain threatened toward night but none fell. A few “Fresh Fish” came in from Wilson’s Raid. Represent Grant is all OK.
Sunday, 10—A very warm day with a very grateful and refreshing thundershower in the evening. Over 100 officers came. Collection at Richmond for a long time past. Generally bring good news.
Monday, July 11, 1864—Day warm although some signs of rain in morning. Sherman represented to be across the Chattahoochee. Early said to be into Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Tuesday, 12—Warm and dry. Early reported on a grand raid with his Corps in Pennsylvania. Rumors once more on exchange. Hope they may prove true but have the least possible confidence in them.
Wednesday, 13—Warm and dry. But little news of any kind. Supposed, however, that Sherman is still advancing and Grant besieging. Early is undoubtedly in Maryland, if not in Pennsylvania.
Thursday, July 14, 1864—Still dry and warm, Newspaper news generally good. Steele, however, has lost Little Rock (8,000 prisoners) and gold is reported at $2.70. North said to be greatly excited over Early’s raid.
Friday, 15—Warm until evening when a refreshing shower suddenly fell upon us. But little news and that not reliable. Thirteen months today since I was made a prisoner. May God in His goodness save me from as many more!
Saturday 16—Very warm in middle of day although morning and evening were pleasant. No news of any importance, except defeat of Forrest which can regard as reliable. Rumors of raid on August railroad.
Sunday, July 17, 1864—Cool morning. Windy but pleasant. Sermon in evening founded on the Scripture which declares that Godliness is profitable in all things, having promise of the life that now is, &c.
Monday 18—Warm and dry. Roll call most of forenoon. Gen. Johnston relieved from command and Gen. Hood appointed in his place by Gen. Bragg who has been visiting rebel army in Georgia.
Tuesday, 19—Warm and dry, except a slight shower about dusk. Several officers came in from Andersonville. They say about 29,000 of our soldiers are confined there. 4,000 are now sick in hospital and they die at from 70 to 75 per day. Their condition is represented as truly horrible.
Wednesday, July 20, 1864—Day warm and dry. No papers sent in. We hear from men who came yesterday that our troops are raiding on Columbus and Andersonville, Ga., and Montgomery, Alabama. Some exchange rumor from hospital. Not credited of course.
Thursday 21—Very warm and no news of consequence.
Friday, 22—Warm and dry. A few officers came in from Richmond. Came over the Danville Railroad which has been at last repaired. Do not bring much news.
Saturday, July 23, 1864—Cool and pleasant. Night almost cold. Some reports of great battle near Atlanta. Rebels clsaim to have defeated our right, taking 22 guns and many prisoners. Also claim that Hardee is in our rear with a Corps doing great execution!
Sunday 24—Very warm day, War news conflicting and unreliable. A great deal of anxiety about result of the battles around Atlanta. Preaching in evening. Oh! how I longed to hear a sermon once more at the old church with my loved ones at home.
Monday 25—Cool morning and not so hot during day. But little news. We believe, however, that Stoneman is gradually gaining ground. A few more officers came in after dark. Did not hear their news.
Tuesday, July 26, 1864—Warm and dry. One “Division” of the prisoners notified to get ready to start for Charleston, S. C. this p.m. A slight shower.
Wednesday, 27—Warm as usual. A few “Fresh Fish” came in. Say Sherman is all right. About 600 officers left for Charleston, as we suppose. As many more are to go tomorrow, But little news.
Thursday 28—Warm with light shower during the a.m. About 600 more officers called out, self among others. Heard of Capt. [Edwin] Keyes’ death and that my regiment has lost 300 killed & wounded in Hunter’s late movement against Lynchburg, Virginia. 14 Took cars about midnight.
14 Under the overall command of General David Hunter, the 116th Ohio Infantry was ordered on 18 June 1864 to attack the Confederate defenses at Lynchburg, Virginia. In that assault, Capt. Edwin Keyes of Co. B led his men into the Confederate works and saw his colors planted there before falling back with two wounds. Later that night Keyes had both is leg and arm amputated but he died the following day. To see a map of the battlefield and listen to eyewitness accounts of the Battle of Lynchburg, see Eyewitness Accounts.
Friday, July 29, 1864—Quite pleasant. Came to City of Savannah. Entered our pleasant camp at dark. Slept outdoors all night. Said we are going to stay here and not go to Charleston. Hope it may prove untrue.
Saturday, 30—Very warm. Papers say our forces have cut railroad between Macon and Atlanta and Macon and this city. Also says fighting is going on at Atlanta. “A” tents were given us today. Prospect of rain in evening.
Sunday 31—Very hot again. Warmest climate I was ever in. Very heavy thunder shower last night. Drowned out in our tent. The thunder grand beyond description—almost terrific. Rain fell in torrents.
August 1864
Monday, August 1, 1864—Warm with slight shower. Did considerable work about our quarters. Some rumor in reference to raids but nothing very definite. Occasionally an exchange rumor also, but it gained little credence. Five days rations hard tack.
Tuesday 2—Pleasant morning but hot in latter part of the day. A good large ration of fresh beef—the first since we left Libby. A real treat to all. Our mess had beef soup and steak enough left for a nice “fry.” Surely a better day is coming.
Wednesday 3—Very hot. Cooked today and had three meals which is unusual for our mess. Wrote a letter to my dear wife. News that the 50 officers sent to Charleston are to be exchanged today.
Thursday, August 4, 1864—Very hot and getting dry. Fresh beef again in good quantity and quality. But little news in camp as the papers are strictly prohibited the officers. Are getting domiciled in our new camp and are anxiously awaiting exchange.
Friday 5—Very dry and exceedingly hot. Bacon today with promise of beef tomorrow. list of 50 officers who were lately exchanged at Charleston, S. C. as published in city papers. God grant it may be the beginning of better things.
Saturday 6—Hot and dry. But little news. Some rumors on exchange but little credit given them. I intend to exchange myself if everything works well for a few days. Am in first rate health and good spirits.
Sunday, August 7, 1864—Cool enough to be pleasant and a little rainy. Firing [has] been heard most of the day apparently from heavy guns or mortars and in direction of the coast. It is rumored that our forces attacked Fort McAllister this morning.
Monday 8—Rainy and frequently cool. Firing distinctly heard again. Rumored that 600 prisoners are at Charleston from New York City for exchange. Got all ready to go out through a tunnel last night but a line of guards interposed and defeated the plan.
Tuesday 9—Quite rainy. Much such a day as yesterday. But little news. Said our attack on Mobile is in part successful, Raid again in Pennsylvania. Our papers claim that Atlanta has fallen. Rebels don’t believe it but admit they don’t know who possesses it.
Wednesday, August 10, 1864—Weather about same as yesterday. Lt. [Ezra D.] Carpenter of 18th Connecticut Vols. and I formed mess alone in consequence of insulting conduct of one of the old mess. I hope he will do well and I am sure I shall not regret the change. Papers say Ft. Gaines is captured.
Thursday 11—Pleasant most of the day. But one hard shower about noon. But little news. Rebel Surgeon says they have begun to release Chaplains and Surgeons at Richmond.
Friday 12—Fair weather. No rain for one day after so many wet days. Reported in camp that this is a point of exchange. No papers and but little news of any kind.
Saturday, August 13, 1864—Fair weather one day more. Spent most of the day in making a chair. But little news. Rebs find it hard to hear from Mobile since surrender of Ft. Gaines.
Sunday 14—Clear and very hot. Two surgeons taken out to go to Charleston to be sent into our lines. Sent a line by one of them—Dr. Robinson—who promised to write home for me. Sermon in evening by Chaplain Dixon. Very good.
Monday 15—Warm and dry. Fourteen long, dreary months ago I was made a prisoner of war, far away in the Valley of Virginia. Oh, may I see my home before many more such months have passed away.
Tuesday, August 16th 1864—Dry and very hot. Real tropical sure. Many rumors afloat on exchange. Some of them seem to be well founded. It is said 600 officers are going to Charleston for an exchange. God grant it may be so and that we may go soon.
Wednesday 17—Very warm with a slight thunder shower. Papers say 600 officers have arrived in Charleston it is supposed for exchange. Hope it may be so.
Thursday 18—Very warm day. Some more rumors on exchange but nothing definite or reliable.
Friday, August 19, 1864—Very dry and hot again. Two or three escaped prisoners brought in. Papers represent Grant as having virtually failed at Petersburg and that Wheeler has got in Sherman’s rear and destroyed Etowah bridge.
Saturday 20—Very hot. No news of importance. Begin to read the American Statesman by A. Y. Young.
Sunday, 21—Very hot in early part of the day with a heavy thunder shower toward night. No news of any consequence. Read book Esther in Bible which I am reading daily in course.
Monday, August 22, 1864—Warm day. But little news of importance. Papers seem to think there is some prospect of an exchange being affected. Armies about status quo. Am not very well. Some indications of an attack of bilious fever.
Tuesday 23—Warm with shower in afternoon. Took a dose of calomel and felt seriously unwell and applied for medical aid.
Wednesday 24—Warm with rain again in afternoon. Took some quinine for the first time in my life. Wrote letter home but fear it will never get there. Very good exchange news if true–which may God grant.
Thursday, August 25, 1864—Very warm—one of the hottest days of season. Sick
Friday, 26 through Tuesday, 30, 1864—Sick
Wednesday, August 31, 1864—Weather very warm. Feel very badly today and began to think will have to go to hospital. Chaplains and surgeons notified that their release will take place soon.
September 1864
Thursday, September 1—Weather cool and pleasant and quite like autumn. Chaplains and surgeons notified to be ready to leave at 4:30 a.m. for the North. My health some better today.
Friday, 2—Morning cool but warmer in middle of day than yesterday. Chaplains did not go this morning but were called and went his evening. I feel a little better today.
Saturday, September 3, 1864—Morning cool and pleasant but warm in middle of the day. My health seems materially to improve. War news good from Sherman who is represented to have attacked Hood and cut his army in two.
Sunday 4—Hot day. Health still seems to be slowly improving. We miss our chaplains more especially today, Oh that I were with them!
Monday 5—Very warm. Good war news. Sherman has taken Atlanta (on 2nd) after whipping Hardee and cutting Hood’s army in two.
Tuesday, September 6, 1864—Not quite so hot as yesterday although still quite warm. Correspondence shown us on “Exchange” in which rebels propose a “man for man” exchange. Hope the proposition will be accepted by our authorities as it is fair and honorable.
Wednesday, 7—Cooler and more pleasant. All papers absolutely cut off. Hence hear but little news. Rumored that Hood is again whipped and John Morgan killed and his command of 200 men captured. Health better.
Thursday 8—Cool morning with middle of day quite warm. Papers came in from hospital with lots of good news. Hood defeated and 30 miles from Atlanta which is in our hands. Early in retreat and Wheeler whipped. Best of all, the draft will be enforced,
Friday, September 9, 1864—Cool morning and warm day. No news of any importance. Do not feel very well. May God grant me a speedy release from this long and tiresome imprisonment.
Saturday 10—Cool morning but hot day, But very little news.
Sunday 11–Warm and dry. News good from North. Said that recruits are arriving at Washington City at rate of 3000 per day.
Monday, September 13, 1864—Very warm day. News good. Rapid recruiting North and war spirit high. Notified to cook two days rations (notice after dark) and be ready to move at 4 a.m. Notice received with wild shouts, many hoping it means exchange.
Tuesday 13—Dry and warm. Started for Charleston, S. C. where we arrived about 9 o’clock p.m. there put into the jail yard without shelter. It is one of the dirtiest holes I was ever in—an abominable place. 15
15 The Union officers arriving from Savannah were confined in the enclosed yard of the City Jail–a massive octagonal fortress guarded by a 40 foot tower on Magazine Street “in the southeast part of the city, directly in te line of fire from the mortars across the harbor. Before long, the inmates included nearly 600 officers, more than 300 enlisted men both black and white, as well as local criminals and deserters from both sides. All were jammed into A-frame tents set up in the courtyard. An officer inmate described the yard as ‘A dirty filthy place unfit for human beings to live in.’ Another Federal, Lieutenant Louis Fortescue, wrote of the ‘intolerable heat’ that he endured in the cramped courtyard, which did not have a ’single shade tree.’ The full heat of high summer made the interior of the jail stifling, and yellow fever began to take a frightening toll. General Jones reacted to the outbreak of disease by issuing orders to his provost marshal to remove all of the sick and wounded prisoners who were able to travel and have them sent back to the prison at Andersonville. Furthermore, he ordered that only extreme cases be allowed to enter Roper Hospital in Charleston.Food for the Federals was poor and scarce; sanitation was nearly nonexistent. Most of the men were exposed to the elements all day and night, and the constant crash of artillery was unnerving.” [Source: Immortal 600: Prisoners Under Fire at Charleston Harbor During the American Civil War, by History Net, 12 June 2006.]
Stereoscopic View of Charleston City Jail and walled prison yard
Wednesday 14—Warm day, windy and dirty. Wrote a letter home. Spent a most miserable day. Heard that Lieut. [Levi] Lupton is dead. He died since Sunday, Poor man. I hope and believe he is in a better world.
Thursday, September 15, 1864—Very hot, windy, and dirty. One year and a quarter today since I was made a prisoner. God grant me an early release. New from North cheering and good. Gold $2.19 only on 14th and Lincoln stock high. Hurrah for Abe!
Friday 15—Day same as yesterday. A good many shell go over us and burst near us day and night. We are :under fire” of our own arms in the accursed jail of Charleston. But little news. Health is better.
Saturday 17—A little cooler but dirty as ever. Quite an exciting turn this p.m. A fire started in this part of the City, the smoke of which our batteries seeing, they opened at a lively rate. A shell soon started another fire and the third one was burning before firing ceased.
Sunday, September 18, 1864—Day warm, dry and dirty as usual. But little news aside from rumors on exchange. It is reported that we are placed in this abominable hole in retaliation for the [Immortal] 600 Foster has on Morris Island—that Jones has proposed to exchange us for them &c. &c.
Monday 19—Lowry weather and a storm evidently threatening. Some conformation of yesterday’s reports but nothing very definite. Truce boat to be up today. Reported that she did not come. My health a little better. Some rain towards night.
Tuesday 20—Showery. Considerable rain fell. No truce boat up yesterday but one to be off the harbor on the 23rd. But little war news. Rebels evidently looking for a terrible blow soon from Grant. Things seem to be working well in the Valley.
Wednesday, September 21, 1864—A cloudy day without rain. But little news. We are still left in this nasty, miserable place, many without any kind of shelter and all compelled to sleep on the ground with nothing but a blanket under us. Such is Southern Chivalry!
Thursday 22—A clear pleasant day. But little news from seat of war. About 50 officers are sent out on parole to better quarters, with some of the other officers here. Hope we will all get out soon.
Friday 23—Pleasant again. News good from Virginia. Early whipped in the Valley. Flag of truce went out at 8 a.m. to meet one of ours in the Harbor. A few officers called out for Sherman’s late exchange. Rather trying to see some prisoners only a few weeks in and I remain.
Saturday, September 24, 1864—Weather clear and warm. A lot of officers called out to “take part” in Sherman’s late exchange, Rumors afloat which say we will all soon go home, God grant that may prove true. Good war news. Early was “completely defeated.”
Sunday 25—Clear and pleasant, But little news.
Monday 26—Pleasant again. By efforts of friends, and by looking out for myself, got transferred from the abominable Jail Yard to the Marine Hospital. Good quarters.
Tuesday, September 27, 1864—Pleasant day. Formed mess with Lieutenants Hudson and Carpenter. Wrote a letter to Ett. Good news. Early driven from strong position at Fishers Hill in Valley of Virginia. Health only tolerable.
Wednesday 28—Fine weather. But little news. Am well pleased with my new quarters. Got money to amount of $10 gold from Rev. T. C. Rice who is soon going North. have draft two days after eight on brother Ben.
Thursday 29—Pleasant again. I felt quite poorly in health.
Friday, September 30, 1864—Felt quite weak and bad.
October 1864
Saturday, Oct 1—Much as yesterday.
Sunday, 2—Passed a miserable day.
Monday, October 3, 1864—Felt a little better.
Tuesday 4—Improving slowly although much debilitated.
Wednesday 5—Early in morning were ordered to be ready to start for Columbia, S. C. in an hour. Health a little better.
Thursday, October 6, 1864—Arrived in city at an early hour. Were turned into a lot like a drove of hogs and left without anything to eat, any shelter, and without prospect of latter unless we took parole not to escape—that is, unless we would guard ourselves.
Friday, 7—Marched about three miles into the country and turned into an open field without shelter or conveniences of any kind. A small growth of pines furnish some shade.
Saturday 8—Cool and windy. Still without shelter and with short rations.
Sunday, October 9, 1864—Cool but more pleasant. No changes about camp. I feel better in health than when I left Charleston.
Monday 10—Warmer and more like Indian Summer. But little news. No papers yet and no meat isssued us since our arrival in Columbia.
Tuesday 11—Nights cold with frost. Days quite warm. Feel badly this p.m. Headache with some aguish symptoms. Hardly able to be around. Escaping from camp considerably. I would try it myself if able.
Wednesday, October 12, 1864—Pleasant. Passed bad night and am really sick today. Hope soon to be better. Rather bad news per rebel accounts which by the way, I don’t believe. Still escaping.
Thursday 13—Again pleasant and health improving. Wrote to C. W. Dennis & Co. , Hilton Head, S., C. for a small box of provisions.
Friday, 14—Warm and pleasant. Wrote to Ben for box of provisions.
Saturday, October 15, 1864—Weather as usual. Notice of an election or Monday next, in camp, for President and Vice President. Felt badly today. Suffer greatly from general debility.
Sunday 16—Pleasant as usual. Papers say Oho, Pennsylvania, and Indiana have gone Republican by large majorities. Good! Nothing, however, more than I expected. Still feel weak and bad.
Monday 17—Pleasant but a little cooler than yesterday. Good war news from Sherman and Sheridan. Election resulted as follows. Lincoln 1024, McClellan 145, Johnson 1031, Pendleton 112. Number officers in camp 1370. See back to April 24.
Tuesday, October 18, 1864—Pleasant again. Health poor.
Wednesday, 19—Weather continues remarkably fine. No rain since we came to this camp although it occasionally seems to be threatened.
Thursday, 20—Pleasant. Wrote to dear Ett. Feel weak and bad, Oh, for “rest at home.”
Friday, October 21, 1864—Pleasant and warm. But little news. No letters or boxes yet. Feel very weak and bad today. Exchange of 10,000 men soon to take place according to papers. Oh that I may be one!
Saturday, 22—Windy and cold. War news good. rebels confess themselves whipped again in the Valley of Virginia. Feel a little better in some respects but suffer very severely from rheumatism.
Sunday 23—Pleasant. No news of importance. Feel a little better. Hope improvement may be permanent.
Monday, October 24, 1864—Very pleasant. War news good. Early badly whipped. Losing 43 pieces artillery.
Tuesday, 25—Pleasant. Feel a little better although troubled with something like the flux.
Wednesday 26—Pleasant.
Thursday, October 27, 1864—Rained quite hard toward night. Stopped about dusk, however, and blew off cool, to the great rejoicing of the camp. Change was very sudden. I got quite wet while cooking some potatoes for supper. Wrote a letter home.
Friday 28—A very pleasant day with just wind enough to dry us from the wet of yesterday. Washed a pair of Lt. Hudson’s pants. Mine own having worn out entirely. Hope he is “safe at home” by this time.
Saturday 29—A very warm and pleasant day. Rumored that we are soon to be put into quarters and also that “exchange” is near at hand.
Sunday, October 30, 1864—Very warm and pleasant again. Health good except condition of bowels. But little news. Rebs claim to have repulsed Grant of course with heavy loss to latter.
Monday 31—Beginning to build “quarters” today in company with Captains Parker and McDonald and Lt. Carpenter—four of us for one house. Got out the timber.
The field where the Union prisoners were held three miles outside of Columbia was called Camp Sorghum. Prisoners were compelled to remain within a “dead line” perimeter.
November 1864
Tuesday, November 1—Fair day. Commenced the house. Failed to get cover on although nearly ready for it.
Wednesday, November 2, 1864—Began to rain in the night and continued nearly all day. Went to work, however, and got roof up temporarily, besides getting very wet. Health a little improved.
Saturday, November 5, 1864 through Wednesday, November 30, 1864—[no entries]
December 1864
Thursday, December 1—Weather warm and pleasant as spring. A most atrocious and brutal murder committed by one of the guard today. Lt. George Turbayne of the 66th New York Vols. was the unfortunate victim. 16
15 The muster rolls of the 66th New York Infantry state that Lt. George Turbayne was captured in action on 17 June 1864 at Petersburg and that he was “killed, December 1864, at Andersonville, Georgia, while crossing the dead line.” It should state that Lt. Turbayne was killed at Camp Sorghum three miles from Columbia.
Friday, December 2, 1864—Weather fully as pleasant as yesterday. A few out to be examined with a view to exchange as sick or convalescent. I failed to get out. Health continues poor. Sherman still stirs the rebs.
Saturday 3—Another pleasant day although rain was threatened at one time. Examination did not proceed for some reason and did not go out. So many escaped while getting wood that negroes now perform that duty,
Sunday 4—A very warm fine day—not in the least like winter. Rumored that we are soon to be removed to the City of Columbia. Wrote two letters—one to Ett and the other to Ben. Had a long walk and chat with friend Anderson.
Monday, December 5, 1864—Warm and pleasant. But little news. Thomas reported to have defeated Hood (who attacked him) with heavy loss. Said by some that we go to the City soon. Feel in only tolerable health/ Sherman reported at Milliken.
Tuesday, 6—Weather same as yesterday. But very little more news. Some rumors about our moving and more about boxes, money, and exchange.
Wednesday 7—Rainy morning but still quite warm and clear before night. Rumor from Foster, Sherman, and Hood all very favorable. Good news also about money and boxes. Felt badly most of day.
Thursday, December 8, 1864—Weather clear again and rather pleasant. A list for “special exchange” was called and to my astonishment and great joy, I was one of the “fortunates.” Was notified to be ready to go tomorrow at 4 p.m. Oh how thankful that I am thus favored.
Friday 9—Very cool and windy. Hour of starting changed to 10 a.m. got ready at once. While waiting, got letter from home which explains why I am among the “specials.” God bless the parents and friends who have saved me! Left Columbia this p.m.
Saturday 10—Night rainy, morning cloudy. Arrived at Charleston about 9 a.m. and were transferred to our own Truce Boat about 4 p.m. “Glory to God in the highest,” for this great blessing. What words could adequately express my emotions at once beholding and being under the protection of the Old Flag.
Sunday, December 11, 1864—Pleasant but windy. Expected to start for Annapolis today but did not for some reason unknown to me. Suppose, however, it was because of receipt of some more prisoners. Saw today some of most heart-rending sights I ever beheld. Curse rebels.
Monday 12—Fair weather. At 4 p.m. steamed out to sea on board the Crescent, homeward bound. Saw five monitors and a larger part of the fleet which blockades Charleston Harbor. The old John Adams was among them.
Tuesday 13—Pleasant again. Had a smooth sea all night and during day. Expect to pass Hatteras during the night.
Wednesday, December 14, 1864—Still pleasant. Passed Hatteras in the night and though there was a little blow and some “rocking about.” all went off nicely. Arrived at Fortress Monroe at dusk after passing fleet of 19 vessels going south. Passed them at mouth of Bay.
Thursday 15—Cold and wintry. Arrived at Annapolis. Reported at proper place and got mill to work to grind us a “Scare.” [?] Also got one month’s pay.
Friday 16—Still cool. Got leave and came to Washington to get rest of pay.
[no more entries]
The following pages contains the names of 91 fellow prisoners with Sibley that were all entered in their own hand.
The following letter was written by Capt. Tattnall Paulding (1840-1907) of the 3rd US Cavalry while in captivity at Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia.
Paulding received his commission as a 2nd Lieutenant on 14 May 1861 and was appointed to the 3rd US Cavalry. He “quickly adjusted to cavalry life, and was mentioned favorably on several occasions by his superiors in the regiment over the winter. When the unit saw its first action at Williamsburg the following May, he was mentioned in his commander’s report for his coolness and gallantry in action. He was selected to lead the regiment’s detachment assigned to the Army of the Potomac’s provost guard under Brigadier General Marsena Patrick following the engagement.
“He continued to distinguish himself through the campaigns of 1862, Stoneman’s Raid and the battle of Brandy Station. During the Gettysburg Campaign, though only a lieutenant and now serving in the 6th US Cavalry, Paulding found himself commanding a squadron of men when they encountered elements of a Confederate brigade commanded by “Grumble” Jones. His men “fought dismounted from the protection of a fenced ridgeline. They blunted a charge by the 7th Virginia Cavalry with deadly fire from the muzzles of their .52 caliber carbines. Then, the 6th’s major ordered Paulding’s squadron to pursue the defeated foe. As they saddled up, the balance of Jones’ brigade came up, drew sabers and attacked. Unable to reach their horses in time, Paulding’s men were overrun by saber-swinging rebels. “My men were scattered through the field, and being pursued by the mounted foe were soon captured,” Paulding reported.” 1 Although a disastrous defeat for his outnumbered regiment, Paulding received a brevet promotion to captain for ‘gallant and meritorious service’ during the battle.
“Following the battle of Fairfield, he was reported by Lieutenant Nicholas Nolan as ‘missing, and supposed to be in the hands of the enemy.’ This was quickly confirmed, and Paulding spent the next nine months confined in Libby Prison. He was a prolific correspondent with his family during his internment, and these letters are very good primary source accounts of both the battle of Fairfield and life in Libby Prison.
“August 1864 was a good month for Paulding. Not only was he finally released from Libby Prison, but he was also promoted to captain in the 6th U.S. Cavalry on August 20th. Upon his release, Captain Paulding was assigned to operate the Mounted Recruiting Service station in New York City. Although the station notionally recruited for the army as a whole, the overwhelming majority of these men were sent to bolster the dwindling number of veterans in the ranks of the regular cavalry regiments of the Army of the Potomac. Captain Paulding received brevet promotions to major and lieutenant colonel on November 11, 1865 for meritorious services during the war. He relinquished command of the recruiting station when he resigned his commission on July 1, 1866.” [Source: Regular Cavalry in the Civil War]
Tattnall was the son of Rear Admiral Hiram Paulding (1797-1878) and Ann Marie Kellogg (1807-1894). He wrote the letter to his younger brother, Hiram Paulding, Jr. (1846-1924).
[Note: This letter is from the collection of Sal Terregino and was made available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]
Transcription
Addressed to Hiram Paulding, Esq. Jr., Care of Admiral Paulding, Navy Yard, New York
Libby Prison November 28th 1863
My dear brother,
Yours of 13th inst. came to me yesterday bringing the latest news I have received from home and I need not tell you that it was a welcome visitor. With it came Becca’s of 12th and Father’s of the 7th. Although a letter sent and received as is necessary for one in my position is all that we usually look for, it cheers a dreary prison life, when it comes from those we love, and brings tidings of their health and welfare. I congratulate you upon your promotion of which Father told me some time ago. I think that by this time you are quite a man of business. Your writing shows practice and if I may compliment you, improvement. I hear too that you are studying Spanish. My letter would be in that lingo if consistent with the prison rules. I studied for some time & made considerable improvement but our teacher became ill and the class was broken up. Time often hangs heavily but by keeping employed in one way and another, nearly five months of captivity have passed, cheered by hope of better days. Thanksgiving day was like other days with a rice pudding being the principal feature. A box has just come for B. F. Mead which I will try to push forward to him. Please send me the Cavalry Tactics (double back formation), Shakespeare (cheap edition) and a welcome & especially so now as we can send surplus to our enlisted me. 200 of my men are here yet. I am very well. Exchange is again below par. With love to all, your affectionate brother, — T. Paulding
[to] H. Paulding, Esq. Jr. Navy Yard, New York
I have just received the box shipped 16th with no letter. The letter & papers & some baking powder are desirable parts of the box. The cans are fine & I will grow fat and defy scurvy.
1 Three Days in July: Faces of Union and Confederate Soldiers at the Battle of Gettysburg, Edited by Charles Joyce, Military Images Digital, June 8, 2020
I could not find an image of Amos but here is one of Henry Benjamin Davis who served in the 64th Illinois and was killed at Marietta, Georgia, in August 1864. (Ancestry.com)
The following remarkable letter was written by Amos Reeves (1835-Aft1910) of Sterling, Whiteside county, Illinois, who enlisted as a private in Co. B of the 64th Illinois Infantry (“Yates’ Sharpshooters”) in November 1861. In his four-page letter to his cousin, Amos tells the tale of his capture along with James Fitzgerald of his company by Gen. Philip Roddey’s guerrillas in northwest Alabama on 29 May 1863. For the next several weeks the captives were shuffled under guard from one Confederate encampment to another while Amos says he tried “to make the best of a bad bargain.”
While a prisoner, Reeves learned that many of the rebels who guarded him were conscripts and had little interest in waging war. He says that he worked deceptively with his captors to gain favor whenever possible and to encourage rebels to desert, reassuring them that they would not be exchanged back to the Confederate army where they would be shot as deserters. Eventually Reeves and Fitzgerald were delivered to Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia, where Reeves claimed they remained but four days before being exchanged and delivered to Camp Parole in Annapolis and later to Washington D. C. where he wrote the letter in August 1863.
Reeves was eventually sent back to Illinois, reenlisted as a veteran, and then ordered to his regiment where he resumed service and mustered out on 11 July 1865 at Louisville, Kentucky. Apparently Fitzgerald had had enough, He did not reenlist as a veteran and mustered out on 31 October 1864.
It does not appear that Amos ever married. He was enumerated in the 1910 US Census and he was mentioned in The Rockford Daily Register-Gazette in April 1897 where he was credited with having invented a “shoe scraper and cleaner which can be opened and closed so that is it not dangerous when there are children around…it cleans both the sole and the side of the foot.”
[Note: This letter is from the personal collection of Richard Weiner and was transcribed and published on Spared & Shared by express consent.]
Transcription
Addressed to Miss A. E. McClane, Sterling, Illinois
Parole Camp, Virginia August 11, 1863
My dear Cousin Lida.
Though far away and long silent, I often think of thee and memory and fancy bring many pleasing pictures to my mind, and though I see many dark pictures and gloomy clouds, the bright ones are the prettiest and I love to look at them.
It has been a long time since I have had an exchange of thought & sentiment with you though I have heard from you (I saw a letter Jennie sent to Stephen) and I always think you are among friends and enjoying life.
Well, my dear cousin, I am enjoying life. Life is as dear to me as ever though I remain in the army. I expect that you have heard that I have been making the Rebs a visit. So I have and had an interesting time of it though I was an unwilling guest. A sergeant of my company, Joseph Fitzgerald, and I were captured on the 29th of May and were robbed of our money, hats, and boots, &c. and we found ourselves among robbers, murderers, highwaymen, and that we would have to take things easy and not hoist false colors but keep our colors covered at times and then sometimes I could hoist before them the good old flag with all its glories and blessings and the pictures of the American Revolution, its heroes, the levers of justice, the cowboys and skinners, the tories and savages, and then I showed them their own perfidy and treachery.
But while I was with Gen. Roddey’s Guerrillas, I passed for a good Vallandigham man among the officers and most of the men and I found many of them that were conscripts and only wanted a chance to escape. They were ashamed of their crowd and as they had been told by their officer we made every deserter enlist or we sent them around for exchange so as to get one of our soldiers for them, they were afraid to come over. So I told them the truth and during the ten days that I stayed in their camp, there were over 30 of them deserted and went to our camp. Then I was taken to Tuscumbia, Alabama, where I stayed a week and found friends. Some of the men who were guarding us were good Union men and a good lady sent us a plenty of milk and some nice biscuits and butter twice and some ginger cake once. Then we were taken to Huntsville—Gen. Pillow’s Headquarters. From there to Chattanooga, then almost to Knoxville when the Yankees came in ahead of us and tore up the road and we had to go back, and then down to Atlanta, Ga., and from there to Augusta, Ga., then to Columbia, S. C., and Raleigh, N. C., Petersburg, and Richmond, Va. Stopped in Richmond in Libby Prison four days, then came by the way of the James River & Fort Monroe to Annapolis and from there to Washington D. C.
And here I found lots of friends (of whom I will tell in my next) and have been seeing the sights & learning all I could and trying to make the best of a bad bargain. I am sorry that I delayed writing so long and I wish I could give you a full history of my expedition.
These letters were written by Charles Henry Thayer (1840-1903), the son of Nathanial Thayer (1795-1866) and Caroline Taft (1806-1885). Charles lived in Franklin, Massachusetts, until just before the war when he moved to Providence, Rhode Island, and enlisted in Col. Ambrose Burnside’s 1st Rhode Island Infantry (3 months), Co. D. He was sent along with the other soldiers in his regiment to fight at Bull Run—the first major battle of the Civil War.
Charles mustered out of the 1st Rhode Island in August 1861 and reenlisted in the 1st Rhode Island Cavalry. After changing regiments, he was promoted to 2nd Lieutenant and then placed in charge of the recruiting station in Cranston, Rhode Island. He was moved back into combat at the end of 1862 and was promoted to 1st Lieutenant. He was transferred to the Army of the Potomac in 1863 and elevated to the rank of Captain in Co. C. His regiment fought in Kelly’s Ford where Charles was wounded and taken prisoner to Richmond. He was honorably discharged on 31 December 1864 after 3 ½ years of service.
Following the war, Charles became a doctor of dental surgery graduating in 1869 from the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery. He came to Chicago, Illinois in 1870 and opened his office.
A photograph of eleven members of the First Rhode Island Infantry wearing their distinctive “Burnside blouses.” These boys fought at First Bull Run.
Letter 1
Franklin, [Massachusetts] May 5, 1861
Dear Charlie,
I was glad to receive your good long letter and to know where you were and how you had got along. I suppose before this reaches you, you will have changed your quarters, perhaps engaged in battle, or perhaps fallen before the enemy. You wrote of having warm weather where you were but we have had very cold weather here—frost every night since May. I suppose you have learnt that the President has called for 40 thousand more volunteers for land service and 18 thousand for naval. The country everywhere is in the greatest state of excitement. Franklin men have had a meeting and voted to raise $3,000 and also to form a company to drill for service if needed. George W. Nason, Jr. went out in the 5th Massachusetts Regiment and was in Washington when he last wrote home. His wife is here at his father Nason’s. She had several letters. I do not know of any other one that is gone from Franklin.
Charlotte and Amos was in Providence last Thursday and dis some shopping. Charlotte said Preston was tending store for a man in his old store. I was glad to receive your picture. It is worth everything to me for I feel I will be a long time before we shall meet. I think you had quite a good time getting to Washington. I [think] Providence preserved you all for some important service to our country. I hope you will prove yourselves good and faithful soldiers. I hope you may never be left to do any act of cruelty to anyone under any circumstances.
Do you have a chance to see any of the daily papers? If so, perhaps you have seen a piece in them saying there was a plot being laid to cut off the water from the cities of Philadelphia, New York, and Boston, and then to set fire to them. I hope it is not so but it will be the means of those places being more carefully guarded.
I want to know what we or I can do for you any way to add to your comfort. The ladies of Franklin are going to have a meeting this week to consider what to do. Now if you know of anything I can do for you or anyone else, I should be very glad to do it. We do not want you men to do and suffer everything and we stay at home and enjoy ourselves and do nothing. Would you not like some woolen socks for your feet? They will be much better for your feet than cotton hose very short ones. Your feet will not be so likely to be sore. I have been to church all day. Emily came home with me to attend the evening concert for prayer for missions, and you may be assured that prayers are being offered up daily for the soldiers. I have carried you to the mercy seat daily since you left home. Took your life in your hand to serve your country. May you be kept by the Almighty power of God.
Be as careful as you can in your circumstances of your health. I am afraid the hot weather will be more than you can endure. I suppose you will have to encamp on the ground. I suppose Governor Sprague has returned before this or will soon. I am sorry for I think he ought to stay. They are taking measures in Providence to send out ten good men to look after the sick and wounded. I presume many women will come to you. Miss Martha Horton has offered her services to go when wanted so you may see her possibly.
Milton Whiting had his Eagle factory burned yesterday. It will almost ruin him as to property. I do not think you can realize the interest the neighbors take to hear or see your letters. All the ladies and some men want to know what Charlie writes so you may be as particular as you please. George Nason’s [letters] have been read in the stores. They say they are very good letters. You know we cannot always rely on the papers and when we can have a letter from one we know, it is much more satisfying. So you must not neglect to write as often as you possibly can and not wait for a reply always from me. I shall answer yours as soon as I possibly can. The girls are very anxious to hear. They have all read your letter and some of them will write soon. I hope you will write Carrie. She will feel very anxious to hear from you. I have not had but one letter from father. He has not had very good luck. Business is not good. You must write me how you spend your time and everything you think will interest me.
Albert D[eane] Richardson 1 returned home from the South one week yesterday. Traveled in six of the secession states. He is reporter for Tribune. He had some narrow escapes from detection. We expect him to give us a lecture tomorrow Monday evening. He is going to Washington soon. He is intending to be on the field of action to witness all that is going on. He runs some risk, I think.
Emery Thayer came to Franklin last week. He did not stop long. Gone to Barre [?] He had better staid South. I guess Samuel Hunt has joined a military company to drill in order to be ready to go some future time if necessary. George Claflin is at home yet. He does not seem to go to any business yet. I don’t think of anything more to write you this time and I am going to write Father. I must close for this time. So good night CHarlie.
Monday morning. We are all well. It is a beautiful sunny morning. As I have nothing in particular to write except to thank you very much for your picture you left for me. It is a great comfort. I hope these few lines will find you well and happy. Your sisters all send love. Accept much [love] from, — Mother
1 Albert Deane Richardson (1833-1869)—“Journalist and Civil War Union spy. Albert Deane Richardson, journalist and author, was born in Franklin, Massachusetts, October 6, 1833, the son of Elisha Richardson and his second wife, Harriet Blake. He attended the public schools of Franklin, then Holliston Academy, and afterwards taught school for a few terms. In 1851 he went to Pittsburgh where he worked on a newspaper, wrote a farce which was produced by Barney Williams, and himself appeared on the stage a few times. In 1852 he went to Cincinnati where he wrote for the Daily Unionist and various other newspapers for five years. In April, 1855, he married Mary Louise Pease of Cincinnati, and by her had five children. In 1857 he went to Sumner, Kansas, and acted as correspondent for the Boston Journal. He was secretary to the legislature for a while, and in 1859 accompanied Horace Greeley and Henry Villard to Pike’s Peak, then at the height of the gold excitement. He returned by himself through the then rather unknown southwestern territories, and wrote up his travels for the journals. With Thomas W. Knox and George West he edited, in 1860, The Western Mountaineer of Golden City, Colorado. After that he went to New York and was on the staff of the New York Daily Tribune, going for them to New Orleans as secret correspondent to report on the conditions in the South just before the Civil War. The next year he was their chief war correspondent, and on the third of May, 1863, with two other reporters, he attempted to run the Confederate batteries at Vicksburg but was captured and spent a year and a half in Confederate prisons. On December 18, 1864, he and one of the other correspondents escaped from the Salisbury, N. C., prison, and four weeks later reached Strawberry Plains, Tennessee, and the Union lines. During his imprisonment his wife and infant daughter had died in Massachusetts. In 1865 “The Secret Service, the Field, the Dungeon and the Escape” was published, and in 1866 “Beyond the Mississippi,” an unusually well written and interesting description of the western territories. In 1868 “A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant” appeared. In 1867 he became acquainted with Abby Sage (Mrs. Daniel McFarland),(1) and his attentions to her, after she had separated from her husband, led the latter to attempt to kill him, March 13, 1869. Mrs. McFarland obtained a divorce October 31, 1869, and upon learning of this McFarland, on the 25th of November, 1869, shot Richardson in the Tribune office. Richardson died a week later, but a few days before his death on the second of December, 1869, he was united in marriage to Mrs. McFarland by the Rev. Hen Ward Beecher. McFarland, after a trial lasted about eight weeks, was, on May 10, 1870, acquitted of murder on the grounds of insanity, although the evidence seemed to show that the murder was premeditated. After his death, Abby Sage Richardson published a book entitled “Garnered Sheaves from the writings of Albert D. Richardson,” which contains a memoir and a portrait.”
Letter 2
Camp Sprague Washington D. C. Sunday, May 26, 1861
Dear Mother,
I received your letter last night with another from my friend Joe Luther just as I was agoing to bed. Yesterday was a day of great excitement for they expected an attack on Alexandria or Washington. Yesterday morning at 10 o’clock a courier arrived & said that ten thousand secessionists were marching on Alexandria and had already fired on the advance posts. We were all ordered to pack our things & take only those [things] that would be absolutely necessary. We were formed in line & 40 rounds of cartridges and caps, bread, beef &c. distributed. Our canteens filled with water. Our muskets and pistols loaded and everything made ready for a fight. We had commenced our march when a U.S. Dragoon rode up and said we were not needed then but to hold ourselves in readiness to march at a moment’s warning anytime in 24 hours. We slept on our arms last night and today we are kept near our quarters so as to march as soon as we get the warning. The signal of the attack on Washington is to be the firing of three large cannons & all the bells to ring. Every man seems eager for the fight. They want to meet Jeff Davis & his boasting soldiers who say one southern man is equal to 10 northern men. All are ready & impatient for the fight.
A service was held in the rear of our camp this morning. The chaplain of the Ohio Regiment preached to us. The service was opened by reading the 19th, 20th, and 21st Psalms & the 8th Chapter of Romans. We have a small melodeon furnished by the citizens of Washington. Books are furnished to them than can and want to sing. Dr. Swain of Providence is here and will address us this afternoon if we are not marched off. Quite a number of the Providence folks are here.
When will those that have volunteered from Franklin start and what kind of a uniform are they to wear? I should not think William Nason was capable of going as an officer. They need a great deal of experience & military knowledge. They have drilled us since we have been here on the average of five hours a day and I have not learnt all of the drills yet. If he’s not ever drilled any, I do not see what kind of an officer he can make. I guess he & most of the other young fellows will get sick of it before they have got a great way toward Washington for when they are enlisted for three years, they do not fare so well as those for only three months although we fare bad enough.
The chaplain is organizing a Young Man’s Christian Union. All those that wish to join can. THey are to make arrangements for it his afternoon.
Troops have been leaving Washington for Virginia every day the past week & more will be sent there next week. It is estimated there is 30,000 there already. One of our scouts has gone to Harpers Ferry to find out the number of troops there & the most accessible point of attack. It is surrounded by hills and strongly fortified. They say ten thousand could defend it against 60,000—so we have heard. But now we are to know certain.
Our camp is situated on the road to Harpers Ferry only 40 miles distant. The Ohio regiments are encamped about 1 mile from us directly opposite. One of them is sitting at this table now eating dinner with us. He finds a great deal of fault with his quarters & food & says they are not all equipped and what are, very poorly so.
It is a splendid scene from our camp to see the smoke and fires of other different camps at night and then men moving around. We had for dinner today very tough roast beef, hard cracked rice & molasses—better than we have had before for we have not had molasses till now. I spoke about the boys from Franklin getting sick of soldiering before they get to Washington. I don’t want you to think by that that I am sick of it myself—not in the least. If my country needs me after my three months have expired, I shall go. But I hope things will get settled before that time.
Write soon and give my love to all. I want all my sisters to write although I do not get time to write them. From your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Co. D, [1st] Rhode Island Militia, Camp Sprague, Washington D. C.
Write just as often as you can & I will do the same. Five of our men are to be sent home this week on account of sickness & one or two others that belong to another company on account of drunkenness.
Letter 3
Greencastle, Pennsylvania [Wednesday] June 12th 1861
Dear Mother,
We left Washington Monday morning [June 10th] at 5:30 o’clock on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad & arrived at Baltimore about 2 p.m., then took the Northern Central Railroad for the above place where we did not arrive till the next morning, being 1.5 days & one night on the way. The distance was over 200 miles. We passed by the Relay House on our way to Baltimore where General Butler is posted with a large body of men. It is situated on a very high hill & is very easy to defend. Before we arrived at Baltimore, we were told to load our piece & be in readiness of an attack. The people did not give us a very hearty reception. Some called us Northern Sons of Bitches & other names and sung out three cheers for Jeff Davis. We expected every moment they would attack us. We did not see only one Union flag in the whole city. It was suffocating hot. The march was 1.25 miles long. 14 of the men fainted in the ranks & 6 others when we got aboard the cars. We had our knapsacks, canteens, haversacks, cartridge boxes, and quite a number of other articles. The whole what we had to carry was 36 pounds.
All the bridges in this section of the country have been burnt. They have been rebuilt & have troops stationed every half mile to guard them. We passed through Little York, Mechanicsburg, Chambersburg, &c. where they all gave us a hearty reception & brought us out some good, cold water which was the best thing we had, having only salt junk & hard crackers for our food which we carried in our haversacks. As soon as we arrived here, our cooks prepared us some hot coffee. we then went to work cleaning up the grounds preparatory to pitching our tents. They did not get our tents unloaded so we slept on the ground. Had a very good night’s rest. I washed myself all over before going to bed & rubbed myself hard & dry so was nice & warm.
We have got our tents all up now. They are 6 feet square on the ground & slant up to the ridge pole which is 8 feet from the ground. They expect 6 of us to sleep in one of them but I do not see how we are to do it. I guess one of us will have to sleep out doors.
Our camp is situated on the edge of an oak forest in front of a large clover field. We are about a quarter mile from the road. A small stream of water flows to the rear of us which we have dammed up in a number of places to bathe. We are two miles from Greencastle & only one from Hagerstown, Maryland, where there is secession troops just across the river from them in Virginia. We are the advance guard of the whole army—the post of honor. Troops are concentrating here fast. 30,000 here already. We are to take Harpers ferry & shall probably march in a few days. General Patterson commands the division of the army—an able and gallant commander from what I have heard said.
When we were at the Patent Office 1, I wrote about our taking a spy who was concealed in the building. They let him go then with the warning never to be seen near our quarters again. Yesterday the U.S. Cavalry captured a spy with the plan of our camp & all the other camps around & the number of men in each. He was to be shot this forenoon in Greencastle. No one can enter this part of the country without first getting a pass from some officer in command.
Greencastle is in Franklin county in the Great Cumberland Valley—splendid country, rich land and rich farmers—a great country for horses and other kinds of cattle.
I commenced to write this with a pencil but one of the men was kind enough to lend me his pen and ink. There is so many people around me talking and working that it confuses me & I can not think or write half what I want to. I write this on a drum which the drummer was kind enough to loan me. If we attack Harpers Ferry, I hope to be one of the [soldiers] who live though it. I will do my duty & fight bravely till the last & be no coward. I hope God will protect me and bring me safe home again to my kind mother, father, sisters, & all.
From your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
1 Company D of the 1st Rhode Island Infantry was quartered in the Patent Office when they first went into Washington D. C. Col. Burnside ordered Capt. N. W. Brown and his company (D) to move his command and camp equipage from the Patent Office on 14 May 1861.
Letter 4
Cavalry Camp October 14th 1861
Dear Mother,
I have been to the City but once since you left & that on Thursday night to carry a sick man to the hospital. They keep me very busy. I am still acting as Quartermaster Commissary &c. We have got 160 men now in camp and expect more this week. They come in by small squads every day. I have to attend to Guard Mounting, Roll Calling, Give out the rations, &c. It keeps me very busy so that I have hardly time to get my meals. We expect to have our horses here this week. They talk some of sending us when our Battalion is full down to Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, where we could have good accommodation for both men and beast.
We have had very poor weather so far for camp life. A good many of the men have taken cold and some are sick. We have very large nice tents—much better than the infantry—and quite warm. the men are supplied with good straw beds, one woolen and India rubber. They sleep 16 in one tent. I have accommodations of my own. Have all the blankets & covering I want, so sleep very comfortably. When the Captain comes to take up his quarters here, I shall have more liberty & not so much to see to.
Has any of the Franklin boys enlisted yet? I am so busy I do not get time to read the papers so do not know much of recent events. Write soon & give my love to all enquiring friends. From your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
I shall come home if I have time before we go off. That will not be for some time to come. Direct your letters to Charles H. Thayer, Cavalry Camp, Providence, R. I.
Letter 5
Camp Hallett [Cranston, R. I.] December 8th 1861
Dear Mother,
It is a long while since I have written home but my excuse is that I have had so much to attend to that I did not get time. I have most to do of anyone in my company as I act as Captain most of the time and do all of the drilling. My quarters are much more comfortable here now than they were at first as I have a stove and can keep very comfortable. We had a great deal of wet weather last week which is very bad for camp life. They are forming a new camp for us near Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where we shall go before another week. We shall make our winter quarters there. Part of our regiment is already there. We have not received our horses yet but expect them every day.
Lawrence Gibney was a Farrier in Co. D, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry (1st R. I. Military History)
Today being Sunday & not having much to do, I took a long walk off to the woods. Everything looks pleasant. The air is very mild & it seems most like spring. I was at the City Friday night and spent the bught at Carrie’s. She is well. Also the rest of the family. I wished I had stayed at home longer. After I arrived here that night, everything looked dreary & lonesome as most of the officers had left camp as well as my captain. Capt. Sayles is a going to ride home today for the 1st time in a number of months.
I received a letter from William E. Whitney wanting to sell his horse but I think he is hardly heavy enough. I want a large heavy & withal a handsome horse.
I received my commission yesterday as Lieutenant. I have got me a large military overcoat & have ordered me a dress coat. My overcoat is to cost $32.50 and my dress coat $25. Perhaps I may be home the last of next week to get some money, but I may put it off one week later. I shall have to wait till we get things settled out at the new camp.
I met Charles Blake in the City yesterday. Said he was coming down to see our camp but I have not seen him yet. Give love to all and accept much for yourself. Write soon. From your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Diret to Lieut. Charles H. Thayer, Camp Arnold near Providence, R. I.
Letter 6
Camp Arnold [Pawtucket, R. I.] December 19th 1861
Dear Mother,
I received your letter ofthe 8th inst. saying you had not heard from me. I wrote you about the same [time] that you wrote me but perhaps you did not receive it. We have now got our new camp in order. Came down here week ago Monday. I had command of the men and marched them through the City. We are much more comfortable here in barracks than we were at the other camp in tents. Four buildings are provided for our company—1 for the captain and lieutenants, and three for the privates. They commenced to build us stables here for our horses but the order has been countermanded. They got one done, however. We have got one hundred horses here & expect more soon.
I received my commission two weeks ago and have been sworn in & should have been home before this to raise some money if I had not been so busy. We are having very pleasant weather now for December—very warm and mild.
I have got me a nice over and dress coats. I shall buy one of the government horses as I can have a much larger selection, get a better horse, and then get it cheaper.
Chaplain Frederick Denison
Our Colonel has just taken his quarters here today. We are situated much pleasanter here than at the old camp. Only half mile to Pawtucket & can take the cars for Providence every half hour. We have services here every Sunday. Our Chaplain—Mr. [Frederick] Denison 1 officiating. Carrie wanted me to write and have you come in but I told her I should rather have you stay at home until I have been there for I want you there when I come. How is Amos & Lottie? I have not heard of them since Thanksgiving. Are Nancy and Emily well? Has Nancy heard from Mr. Fisher lately? Did it not surprise you to hear that Preston was a going off? I knew he was trying for a commission but did not think he would get it. He has sold out & settled up his store business & given Carrie the notes, I believe.
What is Father doing? Has he sold all the cheese &c. that he got in New York State? If he has and has got some money to spare, he would oblige me much by sending me $10 until I get time to raise some. Send it in the 1st of next week if you can. I don’t know when I shall come home now but will write and let you know when I do.
Father, do you think I can raise any money of Davis for I shall want it very soon if I can. Write soon and give my love to all. From your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Direct to Lieut., 1st Battalion Rhode Island Cavalry, near Providence, R. I.
Headquarters 1st Regiment N. E. Cavalry Camp Arnold (near Pawtucket) February 16th 1862
Dear Mother,
I received your note by sister Nancy & should have answered & returned by her but did not have time that day.
We have been very busy in camp this last few days. Six of our mounted companies made a parade through the streets of Providence escorting the Governor and staff on Friday last. Made a very fine appearance. We gave a reception & supper to our New Hampshire officers on Wednesday night at one of the hotels nearby. Had a very good time. They are all quartered at camp now—a very fine set of men. Only two Irishmen in the whole battalion.
We expect to receive all our horses soon as the men are off buying them. My horse suits me exactly. Is very gentle & can do anything with him. He will stand to music and I can swing my sabre all around his head. Our men are getting very impatient at not being paid off before this. Hope we shall be soon as everyone is in want of money. I like my shirts very much. They fit me very well.
I hope Mr. Fisher is not to return as he wrote Nancy for she has hard enough work to get a living without him. If he comes, I hope she will not live with him. If she does, I want nothing to do with her. How is business in Franklin? Anything doing at straw work yet? Has George W. Claflin left town yet? If not, what does he find to do? Is Samuel Hunt at home?
It snowed very hard here last night for about two hours. Just enough to make it good sleighing. We have had more good sleighing this winter than for a number of years past, I think.
How is Emily and Josie? Are they well? Give my love to them.
I hope father got home safe as he left here when it had just commenced to snow. I knew he had got to walk part of the way. What is there going on in town this winter? Do you hear any lectures. singing schools, &c. How does Isa go to school?
If we should not leave here before a month or two & when the ground gets clear, I may ride out a horse back to see you & let you see my horse. I have named her Fanny & make a great pet of her.
We have not held a service on the ground here lately but send our men off to Pawtucket to church under the charge of a sergeant. I have been once with them & heard a very long service in an Episcopal Church.
It is warm and pleasant here today. We have a great many visitors. That makes it a little more sociable. Answer this soon & tell the rest to write. Much love to all. I will write oftener. From your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer
Lieut. 1st Regt. N. E. Cavalry, Camp Arnold (near Pawtucket), Rhode Island.
Letter 8
Camp east of the Capitol Washington D. C. April 3, 1862
My dear Mother,
I wrote you a few days ago we were ordered to proceed to Harpers Ferry to join Gen. Banks’ Division. The order has been countermanded. They have changed our destination. We go to Warrenton, Virginia to join Gen. [John J.] Abercrombie’s Brigade. Warrenton is a short distance southwest of Manassas. We start tomorrow (Friday morning) by daybreak. They do not allow us to take our trunks but as little baggage as possible.
Last night the weather looked very threatening & betokened a storm, but it cleared off this morning & we are having a nice, warm day. We do not take any tents with us but have to sleep on the ground with only our woolen and rubber blankets for covering. I shall try to take my old bed quilts along as they are a great protection. They say they will send our trunks after us in a few days. If they do not, I shall leave orders for mine to be sent home by Express.
The men are grinding their sabres & the quartermaster is giving out cartridges and everything betokens war. Although we have not drilled long, we are about as efficient as any regiment of volunteer cavalry. I wish they would keep us here about one month longer as we could make such improvement in drill in that time. Our horses are in good condition—all except seven which are lame.
I went down to the city yesterday & bought me two printed flannel shirts—dark grey with a stripe almost black. They are very warm and do not soil easy—just what I need to sleep on the ground with. It would have been a good thing if I had left my white shirts at home as they are only an encumbrance to me and fill my trunk up.
The Governor of New Hampshire is here to visit his men of the 3 battalions. He was highly incensed to think they had not received their pay. Our men feel very hard as they have received only $20 since they joined the service which is now six months. The paymaster came out to see us yesterday. Said we should not be paid off for some time to come as there was no money in the Pay Department. Some of the officers have been to the city & got pay in their commissions by discounting 5 percent. I thought if they paid us off anytime within a month, it would be better to wait as twenty dollars or more would be a good sum to lose—that it could be put to better use.
We have got to discharge three now from our troop who have got disabled since they joined the service. One had his knee sprained by fooling [around] and it grows worse instead of better. Another hurt his back by falling from a horse. Another ruptured himself by riding—not being used to it.
I got my “visites” take before I left Providence & called to get them the day I came away but they were not done. I will get some more taken when we get back to Washington & will send them on if everything is all right.
There was a man just in who came from New Hampshire who said when he left home last Monday, there was four feet of snow there. Here today the weather is like June. But it is very changeable—sometimes very warm and the very cold. I cannot stop to write more now but write soon. Direct your letters here and they will be forwarded to me all right. Love to all. Write soon. From your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Lieut., 1st Regt. Rhode Island Cavalry, Camp east of the Capitol, Washington D. C.
Letter 9
Warrenton Junction, Virginia April 8th 1862
Dear Mother,
We left our camp near Washington Friday morning & reached Fairfax the same night. The weather [was] pleasant. We picketed our horses & got supper by sunset. The men rolled themselves in their blankets & went to sleep.
Fairfax was most deserted, the troops having left a few days before. I got a good supper of ham and eggs and a good bed in the old dilapidated hotel which has just been opened by a man from New York. I awoke in the morning and found it raining very hard—a hard look for a day’s march. It stopped raining by noon but remained cloudy all day. The road was very bad & so muddy that the teams got set every half hour & would take more than that time to get them out.
We reached Manassas Junction about sundown and picketed our horses in the deserted fortifications. It is a deserted looking place. Only a few houses and fewer inhabitants. The place is very strongly fortified & could be held with a few men against strong forces.
After leaving Fairfax, the 1st place you come to is Centerville. That was very strongly fortified & had barracks enough for 50,000 men. They are made of logs and chimneys made of wood covered with clay. I should think it was a stronger place than Manassas. In the embrasures were placed wooden logs with the end painted black. Only a few inhabitants remain here.
The road from here to Manassas was perfectly awful. It is not a regular road but one cut through fields & woods. The roads are all the same from Fairfax to this place. We started from Manassas the next morning & reached Weaversville, Lancaster county, at sunset. We encamped in low land near Cedar Creek. I made my bed on the ground & was soon asleep. The road from Manassas was over hills and woods, mud up to the hub. We were only four miles from our destination but the roads were so bad we had to wait until the rear of our train came up. We started from here the next morning & reached our destination about noon. It commenced to rain and before we could get orders to encamp, the mud and water was very deep. We picketed our horses out in the rain with their saddles on without any blankets. We were not allowed to take any tents—only small rubber blankets. Three of them put together made a small tent. We took a tent with us but when we got it put up, the mud was knee deep. We brought leaves from the woods nearby to put on top of the mud & then spread our blankets on them. I slept very soundly & awoke the next morning & found myself wet through with water which had leaked through the tent & had come through the blanket.
It snowed five inches last night, turned to rain, and then hailed & then rained again & has kept up so all day. The men feel very depressed & wish they had not enlisted. We are in Gen. Abercrombie’s Brigade. 50,000 men are concentrating here. We shall probably see service in a few days. We are encamped nearest the enemy and furnish a picket guard every night. We occupy a camp which was vacated by the rebels only two days ago. We are near the Rapphannock River. The country is devastated. Nothing remains of the inhabitants or habitations. Our men shot three oxen on the way so we have got a little fresh beef. My feet are wet and have been so for three days past. It is now getting dark so I must leaf off. [unsigned]
Letter 10
Camp Mud near Warrenton Junction, Fauquier County, Va. Monday noon, April 15th 1862
Dear Mother,
I received your last with a letter from Carrie this morning—the first letters since arriving here. I was “right glad” as the people say here in receiving them as I had not received a letter from home for a long time.
It is very pleasant. Seems most like a June day. We with other regiments of this division were reviewed this morning by General Abercrombie. The display was very fine. Two regiments of cavalry and four of infantry. He is quite an old man—near sixty I should think. He with his large staff of officers looked very handsome. There is two regiments of cavalry encamped near us, one from Illinois and the other from Maine. Both fine looking men. A captain of the New Hampshire Battalion resigned his commission last week on account of trouble with the Colonel who is not liked very well. The officers find a great deal of fault with him. He is not as efficient as he might be. I wish a good many of the officers were different that they are but suppose I cannot help it. My captain I do not think the best man that ever lived. I hope things will be changed before a great many years. Paymaster Potter of the USA came down to pay us off yesterday (Sunday). It put the men in good spirits for they were somewhat depressed for the privations they have been through with this last week.
Gov. Sprague has appointed a commissioner to visit the troops of Rhode Island so that when they are paid off they can send the money home by him without any expense to themselves & have it delivered safely. I did not receive much as they paid me only from the 14th of December to the 1st of March. I sent $200 on by Paymaster Knight to have it deposited in the Mechanics Savings Bank & the bank book sent to Carrie for safe keeping.
Great many of our horses are sick or lame from the hard usage they have received this last week. Also good many of the men—four or five dangerously so. My horse stands hitched nearby me. He is a large, heavy horse. Does not seem to look or feel the worse for the hardships he has gone through. I hope he will be tough & strong enough to carry me through.
I went to a house about a mile from camp last night where a woman lived with six small children, her husband and oldest son being in the Rebel army. Some of our army had killed four of her cows, some sheep, and stolen 10 hives of bees or taken the honey from them. I had a long talk with her, bought some milk and corn bread, and made a nice supper. If you get the milk without being watered, it is very rich. She charged 15 cents per quart of milk. Provisions of all kinds are very high here. Coffee and tea $1 per pound, calico 50 cents per yard, and everything in like proportion.
The people live in log houses, mostly one room with a kitchen outside. Some of them look mean and dirty but still own two or three niggers. Yesterday a large number pf contrabands came inside our lines. They were taken to the General who sent them to Washington.
When the rebels left here, they tore the railroad track & sleepers up & built large fires and put the rails in them [and] so warped them they will not be fit for use again. They burnt all the bridges and did all the damage they could &c. so as to retard our progress into their territory. A large number of men are working on it now & have got as far as a large bridge about one mile from our camp which is nearly done. It will be done to here in a few days. Capt. [Edmund Clark] Burt was fording a stream near our camp with a bag of grain on his back yesterday when the horse slipped & both horse and rider came near being drowned. The Captain gort a good ducking. He has now got a fever and severe cold.
I have just written a long letter to Carrie. Saw Preston [M. Farrington] a little while ago. He is well and has just finished a log hut for himself & plastered the cracks with mud. It is very comfortable.
Our company goes on picket dity tonight so shall have to have my eyes open all night looking sharp for men who try to run our guard. I wrote to Emily last week but have not received any answer. I want to hear from all of you & very often. I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Lieut. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry. Direct as before to Washington
Letter 11
Camp Mud, Warrenton Junction, Fauquier county, Va. Saturday, 3 o’clock p.m, April 19th 1862
My dear Mother,
I was very glad to receive your letter of the 15th inst. by today’s mail—the frst one for a week. I went to the depot which is two miles from camp on hearing the whistle blow in hopes of getting something to eat. I did not succeed very well for all they had was crackers, molasses, cakes & cheese. I bought some crackers 40 cents per lb., molasses cakes three for 5 cents, cheese 30 cents per pound. Bought also one bottle whiskey for $1. You need not be alarmed about my buying whiskey because I like it & because I want to drink it. I bought it in case we should take a march & should have to be exposed to the weather as much as we were when we first came out here.
I wrote you yesterday about the expedition we sent out the night before. They returned yesterday afternoon. It was an entire success. They came upon the rebels who were having a Guard Mounting. Their bands were playing and drums beating. They knew nothing about our being there until we had fired a shell amongst them. We fired twelve times before they responded, it took them so by surprise. We fired about 50 rounds of shot and shell & had a chance to look around and examine the fortifications all we wanted to and then came away. Not one of us was hurt in any way. This reconnoissance was got up for kind of a ruse. Four Brigades marched on Fredericksburg & so we went up to the Rappahannock to keep the attention of the rebels there so they could not send reinforcements to Fredericksburg.
It is raining very hard & has set in for a northeaster. I dread it for it takes so long a time for the mud to dry up. I saw Preston [M. Farrington] this morning. He is well and looks rugged and healthy, having plenty to do. You expected we had seen a battle before this in your letter. No, we have not & do not think we shall until the affair at Yorktown is settled. If we beat them there, we shall probably march on to Richmond.
A great many of our men are sick owing to the bad effects of the water. I am glad to say I enjoy good health & fel very happy when I can get all I can eat. I detest so much of this salt meat. I bought a canteen full of syrup yesterday which goes very well with hard crackers.
You wrote about a lecturer in physiognomy who had traveled through Virginia & told you what a retched looking set of men the rebels were and about their being drunk on whiskey, &c. I think he was greatly mistaken. I have seen a large number of prisoners & cannot see what they look about the same as we do and dress as well. And about them being drunk is all humbug for they are very strict & have good discipline in the Confederate Army. I know this from the inhabitants & from a number of orders found here. The country looks much better here than above Manassas. It will improve as we go farther down & not look so devastated. We went foraging yesterday & brought in a whole set of carpenter & blacksmith’s tools, and one bushel of potatoes—the first vegetable since coming here.
One of my men just came in to me feeling very badly saying he had lost his pocket book with $12 init—quite a loss. Our men after getting paid off sent home most of their pay. Our company sent home most of any company in the regiment, that is $1700.
My colored boy did some washing for me yesterday but they did not look much better than before he commenced so I sent some off to a negro woman to try her. Large numbers of contrabands come in every day from over the Rappahannock. All want to get work of some kind. Some are quite intelligent.
I know of nothing more to write. I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
1st Regt. Rhode Island Cavalry. Direct as before to Washington D. C.
Write me very often & all the news. I want a letter by every mail from some one of you. — C. H. T.
Letter 12
Camp Warrenton Junction, Fauquier County, Virginia Thursday noon, May 1st 1862
My dear Mother,
I have just finished Nancy’s letter & will answer yours of the 27th inst. which I just received. I answer pretty promptly in hopes others will do likewise. I was very sorry & greatly surprised to hear the deaths of Mrs. Hunt and Theron Hill. A great affliction to their families.
The weather has been pleasant for the few days past but it is cloudy and has rained a little this morning. The slightest rain makes it very muddy. Preston [M. Farrington] was around my quarters to get nails this morning to make a box to send home a poor fellow of his company who died with the lung fever a day or two ago. Four men are sick with the small pox. One belongs to my Troop. He had not got out of the hospital being sick with the fever. I think it will go hard with him being so weak.
Our Colonel left for Washington yesterday. He has been troubled with the dysentery for a long time. It has worn upon him greatly. The officers say they wish nothing bad of him but hope he will not return here as he is not hardly competent to command a regiment.
We have had trouble with our surgeon & he has been asked to resign. The railroad is finished up to this place & in a short time will be up as far as Warrenton City. The Rebels cause a good deal of trouble by burning bridges & firing into the cars between here and Manassas. A party of our men have gone to Fredericksburg today on escort duty. That place was taken by General McDowell only a few days ago. A man was in camp yesterday having butter & fresh meat to sell. He got 40 cents per pound for the butter. I don’t know how much for meat. I bought some potatoes yesterday. Quite a luxury. First since coming here.
Have you heard from Father since going to New York? I hope he will do well & not lose money with those potatoes. I have one of my men making me some soup. Says he can get along very well but thinks some pepper would be an addition. Every regiment ought to have a sutler. Then you can get all these little things. If a man could bring a cargo of salt and dry goods down here, he would make his fortune. The inhabitants are destitute of these things and will buy them at any price.
I am greatly obliged to you for those letter stamps as I cannot get any here. Do lay by your work on straw and live an easier life. You won’t starve nor want, I don’t believe. Is the straw business good this season?
We are waiting very anxiously to hear the fall of Yorktown for then we shall go forward—so we think. A scouting party of Rebels came very near our lines last night. There was some firing but not anyone was hurt as I have heard yet.
We expect tents for our men in a few days. Then they will live more comfortable. We brought a tent with us so have good quarters. I have got a bed made of rails raised from the ground so sleep well. This short letter must suffice for this time as I have written Nancy & you can read hers. I am much obliged to Isa for her short letter & will call this an answer to hers. Write soon and believe me to be your very affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer
Lieut. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry, Direct as before to Washington D. C.
Letter 13
Camp Stanton near Warrenton Junction Friday Morning, May 9th 1862
My Dear Mother,
I received yours of the 5th, Nancy’s of the 1st inst. this morning by the first mail we have received in several days. Since I wrote you last, they have changed the location of the whole Brigade, moving us back one and a half miles on higher & more elevated land. We are encamped in a splendid location, our camp laid out in fine style. We received our tents just before coming so the men feel cheerful and happy and take comfort.
The General named our camp in compliment to the Secretary of War “Stanton.” He has made quite a number of improvements. He is a regular army officer and has been General only a short time. He is a fine looking man, thirty-two years old.
8 o’clock p.m. I commenced writing this morning but business prevented finishing then. We are kept very busy drilling. I will give you the orders of the day. Reveille 5 o’clock, Breakfast 6 o’clock, Watering the horses 7.30 o’clock.Guard Mounting 9. Drill from 10 to 11.30. Dinner 12. Battalion Drill from 3 to 4.30 o’clock. Watering call 5 o’clock. Dress Parade 6.30 o’clock. So you see one’s time is very nearly taken up.
We have had fine weather these last few days & have enjoyed a very beautiful one today.
Our Colonel went to Washington week or two ago sick with the dysentery. We heard today he was no better and had gone home to Newport, Rhode Island. Preston went to Washington last week to see about some of his men & to get some tents. He returned yesterday with new clothes, &c., in fine spirits & health.
8 o’clock p.m. I have just attended the last roll call which finished my duties for the day. Our General was looking around this morning & seems to take great deal of interest. We have a great many sick ones yet. Three cases of small pox. One of our men has had it but is now recovering. He had it lightly.
I am tired & so must retire bidding you good night. From your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Lt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
I shall write again in a day or two. Write often as you can.
Letter 14
“Camp Reliance” near Warrenton Junction, Va. Thursday afternoon, May 22, 1862
My dear Mother,
I received your letter of the 11th ult. day before yesterday and now answer my first opportunity. I do not have as much time for writing as I did a week or two ago before we commenced drilling so much. I get very tired & go to bed early. I am in the saddle about six hours a day & have a great deal to see and attend to. We have a Brigade drill once a week. All the regiments of infantry and artillery are out. We go through sham fights, &c. Since I wrote you last, General Hartsuff & Brigade has left. General Duryee & Brigade has taken their place. General Shields’ Division passed here yesterday on their way to Fredericksburg. The 2nd Battalion of our Regiment has got orders & will go tomorrow morning and join Shields’ Division.
Major Robert C. Anthony, F&S, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry (Stephen Heinstrom Collection)
We were alarmed yesterday by reports coming that the Rebels were shooting our pickets. We sent out fifty men commanded by Major Anthony to see & find the cause. It was only a party of men looking after stray horses and had accidentally fired their guns.
Nothing of much interest is going on here. We get the papers once a week so have the news and try to keep up with the times.
Two of Preston’s men in the hospital sick with the typhoid fever died last night. Makes four deaths in his troop since leaving Rhode Island. We have not as many sick as a month ago. We are encamped in a healthier location and the men have got acclimated. I stand it first rate. Have been troubled with the diarrhea only a very little. Have got it now the worst I have had it but does not make much difference to me for I am generally the opposite. One of our men has been doing quite a profitable business by sending for “Perny Dan’s Pain Killer” and selling it. One of our surgeons was requested to resign last week but he has not seemed inclined to yet. Must dissatisfaction was found with him. They thought he was not competent and did not do his duty.
Three others of our officers are a going to resign. One Capt. Wood disobeyed an order of the Colonel who put him under arrest. He has since sent in his resignation. Another, Lieut. Dennis, also disobeyed an order. The Colonel put him in arrest and he resigned. Lieut. Greene is a going to resign on account of ill health.
Thursday, May 22, 1862
There was a Brigade drill yesterday so did not get time to finish this. This a beautiful morning, only rather warm. They sent us some fresh bread from Washington the 1st of the week which was quite a treat. Farmers come to camp bringing eggs, butter, pies, cakes, &c. but ask exorbitant prices. I received a letter from Agnes Hunt last week. Was very happy to hear from her. I feel extremely dull hardly knowing what to write. Write soon. Give my love to all. From your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
Lieut. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry. Direct as before to Washington D. C.
Letter 15
Camp near Manassas Junction, Virginia Monday morning, July 7, 1862
My dear Mother,
Your letter of June 26th came to hand last Friday. Was glad to hear the safe arrival of the long letter and money.
The weather is extreme,y hot—very uncomfortable if you move around much. I take frequent baths in Bull Run which is only a short distance from camp.
We celebrated the 4th by each officer giving $5 to furnish a dinner of lamb and green peas. Twenty-five of the men had a mock dress parade in the afternoon. Everything passed off very quietly—the most quiet 4th [of July] I ever passed. Gov. Sprague came on and stopped two days with us last week, promoted some officers, &c. My Captain—that is, Sayles—was promoted to Major. Also Capt. Thompson to be Major of the N. H. Battalion. I am in command of the Troop now. The Captain has been promoted.
You spoke about those horses I captured as if they were stolen. I took them in the mountains back of Luray while out scouting. We came across five men who were saddling their horses back of a barn. Three of them got away but two of them we captured with everything complete. I had the horse as I had charge of the advance guard. I sold one of them the other day for $65, not near what he was worth. He was not a very good saddle horse; better fitted for a carriage.
I received a letter from Carrie two days ago and answered it this morning. Preston is in good spirits & health. Although it was extremely warm yesterday, the chaplain had services under the trees.
The war news has not been very encouraging for the last few days—the retreat from Richmond & the falling back of the forces before Charleston, South Carolina. It is hot. I cannot stop to write more now but will again very soon. I am greatly obliged for those stamps. Write soon. Love to all. I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Lt. 1st R. I. Cavalry
Letter 16
Headquarters 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Camp near Manassas July 14, 1862
My dear Mother,
Since I wrote you last our regiment has passed through many changes. Gov. Sprague was on here last week, promoted quite a number of officers, among them Capt. L. Sayles to be Major. Col. Lawton who went home sick has since resigned. Lt. Col. Sayles has had command since. Gov. Sprague appointed A. Duffié [as our new] Colonel in consequence of which Lt. Col. Sayles & Major Anthony resigned as they thought they ought to be promoted to fill the vacancies.
Our new Colonel we like very much and the contrast is great between our old & new. Great improvements have taken place since the short time he has been here. He is one of the finest cavalry officers in the U. S.
We received orders last night to be ready to march at a moment’s warning by the Colonel says we shall stay here a month longer to recruit, get more men, &c. I shall try to get a furlough to go to Washington in a week or two to get new clothing, &c. which I need very much.
I think our regiment has but little [hurt] in the resignations of those officers who went home. I am very glad they went home—the best thing they could have done for the regiment. The weather is very pleasant but extremely hot in middle of the day.
Being in camp so long, I have no news to write, so goodbye. Write soon from your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer, Lt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry, direct to Washington D. C.
Letter 17
Camp near Manassas July 31st, 1862
My dear Mother,
I received your letter of the 26th day before yesterday apprising me of a box you sent the same day. The box reached me yesterday. Was very glad to receive it although not in a starving condition. I was greatly surprised to think I was remembered by so many kind friends. Give them my thanks and tell them I feel under great obligation to them. The officers of our Battalion have just established a mess and they bestowed high praise upon the cakes, preserves, and &c.
The weather is very warm. They keep us very busy drilling and as I am the only officer in my Troop, I get very tired. We move from here next Monday for Warrenton, the Headquarters of McDowell’s Division. Major Sayles, who went home with Col. Sayles and Major Anthony and had sent in his resignation, came back last week I think with the expectation of staying, supposing his resignation would not be accepted. But it was and he left here Sunday morning for Rhode Island. I do not know as I feel very sorry about his going for he was as much of an enemy as a friend to me. I think it an interposition of divine providence for all the mean men have left and better and braver men fill their places.
While at Washington I got a new suit of clothes and complete outfit of under clothing. I received my photograph last night and send you one. I sent my trunk by express day before yesterday but did not send money to pay the express so send five dollars to you for that purpose.
I am greatly obliged to Isodore for her envelopes and paper. Lt. Col. Thompson who has been on a furlough returned last night. All were very glad to see him. Preston is in good health and is a going to answer your letter very soon he told me last night.
I hope the Government will not wait for the brave stay at home men to volunteer but commence a drafting as they can fill the regiments up and form new ones at much less expense. Who is there in Franklin that I know who is going? Has Samuel Hunt decided to yet?
Give my kind regards to all friends. Much love for yourself. I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Lt., 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 18
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Thoroughfare Gap, Va. August 10, 1863
My dear Mother,
Major Farrington with 100 men arrived here yesterday from Warrenton. He left Alexandria most week ago but was delayed on the route. We are all together again when those men arrive from Centerville and those who are at Parole Camp. Our chaplain brought a mail—the 1st one for me in three weeks. I received one from you dated August 1st and one from Captain Chase dated Libby Prison, July 19. He was in good health although two of the other officers were sick. Said he had passed four weeks of perfect bliss. Pity the poor fellows and hope they will soon be exchanged.
It seems by your letter you met with a very serious accident—or your house did. I am thankful you all escaped unharmed. I hope it did not cause any serious damage so but that it can be soon repaired.
Capt. George N. Bliss (Stephen Heinstrom Collection)
I hope they will not exempt all the conscripts you spoke of. William Gilmore and Henry Say, Capts. Wyman and [George N.] Bliss, and Lieut. [George W.] Darling went to Washington yesterday on their way East after our conscripts. I hope to have the pleasure before long of drilling some of them and if they prove to be as good as our first men were, will have a splendid regiment.
I am sorry to hear of the sickness of Aunt Thayer. Hope she may recover. How does George Chaflin spend his vacation? Cannot they draft him in Franklin? You spoke of Harriet Richardson & Isadore Gay saying they would like to correspond with me. Tell them I should be most happy but they would have to do most of the writing. Probably Carrie has returned home before this and told you of her pleasant experience in Alexandria. I was sorry to hear of the poor health of little “Willie.” Hope he is not dangerously sick.
I received a letter from sister Lizzie while you were at Dudley and have neglected to answer. Tell her the next one will be for her.
The General has just been blown in the regiment adjoining us which means they must pack up for the march. I expect an order every moment but had much rather remain than to move. Does Samuel Hunt expect to go into the army again? What is he doing since his return?
I wish you would send in your next letter half dollars worth of postage stamps. Find it most impossible to get them out here. I enclose 50 cents for that purpose. Preston is in good health and all the rest. Write soon!
With much love, I remain your affectionate son, Charles H. Thayer, Captain, 1sty R. I. Cavalry
Letter 19
[Poolesville, Maryland] [October 6, 1862]
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 30th reached me last night, which you wrote in a state of great anxiety which I think was hardly warrantable from the letter I wrote you. I was sick only a few days and have now entirely recovered and in my usual state of health.
We left Seneca Creek Friday and joined the regiment. Have received 20 new recruits and new horses so are kept very busy. Chaplain held services yesterday—the first time since leaving Manassas and read an address from the Colonel complimenting us on our soldierly bearing and good conduct at the Battle of Bull Run, Gainesville, &c.—and saying we were appreciated by those high in command and our services asked for a number of generals. But I hope we shall have the good luck to stay in camp to rest ourselves and enjoy some of the comforts of peace and quietness.
Preston is in good health but looks rather seedy with an old slouched hat, heavy mustache and whiskers. Hopes he will soon see the end of this awful war.
You wrote my “Visite” looked as if I was growing old and war worn. I can assure you the contrary for if you would see a “Visite” of me now with my hair cut close to my head with small jacket, &c., would say I looked more youthful than when I left home.
I have not heard from the army in a number of days but think McClellan will go into winter quarters without doing much more fighting. There is very strong talk here of his incompetency to lead a large army and about his not being cool under fire and losing his mind completely in one of the late battles.
We are under General Stoneman who has command of Gen. Kearney’s Division—a man who has held a great many prominent offices and was Chief of Cavalry on Gen. McClellan’s staff last winter. Great enmity exists between them now. I should think those poor fellows who live at Reidville must suffer of they have Nason and the kind people of Franklin to provide for them. I should really like to see what kind of soldiers they make and the discipline they are under.
I received a letter from one of my men who was taken prisoner at Manassas who was paroled a few days and now waiting at Annapolis, Maryland, to be exchanged. He had a severe time of it—very little eat and that of the poorest quality with no salt and other essentials. Numbers of them died, officers &c.
Poolesville is the largest town in this county. Contains about five hundred inhabitants, three stores, two churches and a saddle manufactory but seems dull and dead from what some New England towns do.
Write soon. Give my kind regards to kind friends and acquaintances and accept another “Visite” which I hope looks younger than the old. Your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Poolesville, Maryland, October 6, 1862
Letter 20
On picket near Haskins Ford North Branch Rappahannock River Saturday evening, November 8th 1862
My dear Mother,
This is my first opportunity of writing you since leaving Poolesville, Maryland. We let there on the morning of October 28th, crossed the Potomac at Conrad’s Ferry, reached Leesburg about 1 o’clock p.m.—a place nearly the size of Milford. Te people, all secesh, would put down their curtains and close the blinds whenever we passed. My company with one other was then sent five miles north to a small village called Waterboro [Waterford] on picket duty. We arrived there about 10 o’clock p.m., placed sentinel on all the roads leading from it, &c. A man then invited the officers into his house and got us a very nice supper and gave us a chance to sleep on the floor before his fire for the night. The ladies could not do enough for us and seemed worried when they were not doing something for our comfort.
When we went through the streets in the morning, the ladies would wave their handkerchiefs and small boys wave flags. The people were very patriotic and all for the Union. A large part of the inhabitants are Quakers. The would invite our men into their house and give them everything they wanted to eat and drink. They were very sorry to have us leave and I can assure you we were. I most wanted to be taken sick and so be left behind and have the kind people take care of me. They have raised one company of cavalry here who act as guides, &c, and are very useful to the army. You probably have heard of the rebel White’s guerrilla company that was raised mostly in and around this place and had a fight with the Union company here about a month ago capturing 40 horses and 20 men whom they paroled. Our men fought in a church and defended it until their ammunition ran out and then had to surrender. I send you a Visite of the Captain who commands the company. His name is Samuel [Carrington] Means, Capt. [of Loudoun Rangers]—a good and brave man as ever wore an uniform.
We stayed at Waterford two days when the advance of General Burnside entered the town and even were ordered back to Leesburg. Our regiment was put out in picket on all the roads leading to Leesburg.
On last Thursday nearly night (Co. I), Capt. Gove was surprised by 1500 rebel cavalry under General Stuart. He was mortally wounded and 50 of his men taken prisoners—a great loss to the regiment. Capt. Gove died next day and was buried by a Dr. Mount to whose house he was carried. I have seen his grave. He was a brave man and much liked by all the regiment.
We left Leesburg on Saturday and marched to the front ten miles to Mount Gilead where we did picket duty, &c. We left there on Monday and marched through Middleburg to Thoroughfare Gap, from there to White Plains, and Salem. From there to the Rappahannock. My company is here doing picket duty. There is a great many little incidents I could write that would be of interest to you but I am in a great hurry as the regiment has marched off and we shall be ordered in from here any moment. I suppose we shall cross the river.
The 35th Massachusetts Infantry passed by here a few minutes ago. I saw George Farrington and a man named Day. The were in good health and spirits but I think would a little rather be at home, &c.
I live just the same now as I did in the summer. Have no tent. Live on salt pork, hard bread, and coffee. A very hard fare for a steady diet. We have been on picket here two days. When I last saw Preston, he was in good health and had received a letter from Carrie. I received one from Carrie same date with $20 enclosed which she drew from the bank for me. I wish I had some money to send you for my shirts but shall have to wait a short time until the Paymaster comes. When you send my shirts, send my overcoat, woolen stockings, &c. But do not put anything in the box that would spoil my clothing.
I have plenty of blankets so do not feel sleeping out of doors much. Snow fell to the depth of 3 inches yesterday and looks much like storming today. Where our army passes, it looks like devastation for everything in the eating line is taken—chickens, turkeys, sheep, cattle, &c. A great disgrace to our army for in some cases the families are not left enough to live on. They say they do not know how they will live this winter as both armies have taken everything.
Gen. McClellan has issued very stringent orders against foraging and has punished men severely for it but it cannot be stopped at once. I am in great haste, dear Mother, so cannot stop to write more nor read this over to correct the many mistakes but will write you again as soon as possible. I write this on top of a small ammunition box. My love to all and write soon. I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 21
Camp near Waterloo, Farquier county, Va. November 13, 1862
My dear Mother,
We returned to the regiment yesterday after being absent three days on picket dity near Haskin’s Ford. I wrote you my last letter there. We were very glad to join the regiment again as it was hard to find forage for our horses. Our wagons returned from White Plains yesterday loaded with rations. They were attacked by rebel cavalry which were driven off by the infantry which acted as escort. We have ben very short of rations for three days. I had only a small piece of pork and a little corn meal which I mixed with water and baked on a stone. Coffee & sugar impossible to get. Now our teams have got back, we have our full rations.
Capt. Baker who has been sick in Rhode Island returned today. Brought Preston a small box of eatables from Carrie which was very nice. We have to lay on the ground so much that very many of the officers and men have got lousy. I hope you will not be ashamed of your son when he tells you he found quite a number on his under clothes this morning. I have changed my clothes and flung away the offending clothes, &c.
I went to Warrenton yesterday. Saw General Burnside, Hooker, King, and a great many Brigadier Generals. It makes it very busy there is so many troops there.
I send you a Visite of Major Whipple. He used to be Lieutenant in company with me. Was promoted to Captain and then to Major. I have nothing more of interest to write. Love to all. Write soon. From your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer, Lt., 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 22
Headquarters 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Camp Potomac Creek, Va. December 4, 1862
My dear Mother,
Lt. Chace has just returned from Washington bringing our long detained mail and my much wished for box. You cannot imagine how happy I was to receive those fine shirts for I had got down to the last one and that on my back. They fit me nicely—as well as if I had been measured. I like your taste for selecting. I feel sorry I am not able to send you any money yet. The government is very dilatory in paying off the soldiers. I thank you & Lottie and every one who was so kind to send me the cakes and apples. They were very nice and fully appreciated. The silk handkerchief I like very much for they do not soil any and are soft and wear out to the skin.
Since I wrote you last, we have changed commanders—that is, we have been transferred from Stoneman’s Division to Gen. Averill’s Cavalry Brigade and have moved over to near the Brigade Headquarters. We are encamped in a thick piece of woods near the Potomac Creek—a very pretty location. I sit writing this in my tent door holding the paper on an old board, a bright blazing fire of logs before me. I think often of home and the many kind & dear friends whom I long to see. I thought a month or two ago the army would go into winter quarters & some of us be lucky enough to get furloughs, but that is an impossibility now. I gave Preston the letters and things sent in the box. He is in good health but I think would like to be at home. The letters I received tonight are dated November 30 and 19th. I will commence by answering the first.
Capt. Allen Baker, Jr. (Stephen Heinstrom Collection)
It seems by that you had just returned from Providence, had seen Captain [Allen] Baker, [Jr.] who has since returned, &c. How did you like him? I think him a perfect goose and so does everyone who knows him. You wrote that Samuel Farrington’s wife had received a letter from her husband and that he had seen me, &c. And how she had sent him a steel vest, &c. I think her very foolish for I think if a man is in battle, he stands no more chance with one of those than he would without. I’d not give a sixpence for one. 1
I see by your letter that the Franklin Boys had sailed for Newbern and had probably arrived there ‘ere this. I do not think Sam Hunt gets a very honorable situation—that is, nurse, for we have two or three men in Washington now acting in that capacity who are too cowardly & lazy to do anything else. Probably a different motive animates him though. Has William Thayer been elected as Representative from Franklin? I received a letter from Pawtucket written by Annie Gay while there. I shall answer soon as I get the time. I will answer Lottie’s letter she sent in the box very soon.
It is not very pleasant getting up these cold mornings as early as 6 o’clock which is the time we have reveille. I should think by [ ] buying so many cattle he must be in a prospering condition. I write this in haste as I have business to attend to. My love to all. From your affectionate son, — C. H. T., 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
1 44 year-old Samuel Farrington enlisted as a private in Co. G, 146th New York Infantry in September 1862. He was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps a year later and remained with the 33rd Company, Second Battalion until war’s end in June 1865.
Letter 23
Headquarters 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Camp Potomac Creek, Va. December 5, 1862
My dear Mother,
I have just received yours of November 30 and hasten to answer thinking a few lines, although hastily written, would be acceptable. I thank you for the postage stamps I receive by almost every letter & shall when I get paid off send home & buy a quantity for they would save friends to whom I write trouble. I have been working quite hard today. Was up at 6 o’clock, drilled for two hours, then had quite a number of things to attend to. It commenced raining about one o’clock quite hard. Since has been snowing and raining alternately. I have got a good tent with a large log fire before it and very well situated. Have just eaten my supper of hard bread fried in pork grease with a cup of strong coffee. Our darkies are now getting their supper and are as happy as you please. My boy is named Winston. Has been with me since we first came to Warrenton Junction in the spring. He is a contraband. Used to work in the rebel army. Although he thinks a great deal of me, he says he would like a good warm home to go to and plenty to east these cold nights.
Adjutant Treat of our regiment has resigned his commission & went home yesterday morning. I was sorry to have him leave, being associated with him so long. Seems like a brother. He had trouble with the Colonel was account of his resigning. Another one of our officers named Lt. Richard Waterman sent in his resignation today. He was a friend of the Adjutants but not very popular officer. His folks are amongst the most wealthy of Providence so thinks winter quarters at home pleasanter than out here.
Since I wrote you nothing has occurred of interest. We have not tried to cross the river nor to bombard the place. The rebels are erecting new batteries & throwing up breastworks in rear of Fredericksburg. They will not allow us to cross without strong resistance.
I wrote you yesterday acknowledging the receipt of box & that everything came safe. I wrote you in my last but one about my two horses being sick. One has entirely recovered and the other some better so think shall not have to lose either. I am sorry to hear that Franklin is losing so many of her soldiers by sickness—that is, George Brown and young Gilmore.
I should liked much to have been with you Thanksgiving and thought of you often. I had a very good dinner that day of roast beef baked in the ground by one of my boys. I have had beans four times & they were very nice, most equal to those baked at home. I should think they were asking a great deal of Franklin, if it [has] taken more men to fill her quota. I hope they will not have to draft. You tell Amos to give any sum of money rather than come. I do not want any more of our family in the war. I think we have got our full force in the field—that is, one Major [Preston M. Farrington], and my humble self. I am sorry my poor little nephew Robbie should get sick. I hope he will soon recover. I’d like to see him very much.
Two of our companies have gone on picket duty near Harewood Church where last week a whole Battalion of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry belonging to our Brigade were captured. They had to stay on picket duty these days without tents and no fires allowed to but the reserve. My turn will come before long, but it does not seem so hard to me as I am used to being awakened at all times of night to saddle up and ride any number of miles & then lay down in mud and dirt & sleep as sweetly as if in bed. If you look for us now in the paper, you will always look for the 1st Cavalry Brigade of Gen. Averell’s Cavalry. Our Brigade is composed of the 1st Mass. Cavalry, 3rd Pennsylvania, 4th Regular Cavalry, & our own regiment. Our chaplain who acted as Post Master being absent, one of our Majors (Burt) has taken the mail in charge, and I hope wewill receive it with more regularity than we have the past month.
The 2nd Lieutenant of my company has been sick all day. Complains of chills and sickness at the stomach. I guess will not prove anything serious. Preston is in good health as usual. The 2nd Rhode Island Infantry are encamped near us. They received their pay yesterday. I do not see the reason we do not have ours. I send you the “Visite” of Capt. [Charles N.] Manchester of our regiment. He is a very fine officer. I want all the Visites I send you kept safe for perhaps I may not be lucky enough to get another copy.
What is Father doing this cold weather? Chopping wood as usual? How does Emily & Nancy get along? They must write to me & I would answer. I think if nothing that would interest to write so bid you goodbye. With much love I remain your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
P. S. Please find enclosed “Visite” of Capt. Manchester. — C. H. Thayer
Letter 24
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Potomac Creek, Va. December 7, 1862
My dear Mother,
Yours of December 1st came tonight & one of November 23rd last night. I hasten to announce the $10 came safely. I hope you did not put yourself to any inconvenience to procure it for me for I could have waited until Carrie went home. It makes it very inconvenient for us now having to buy everything we get to eat for it takes one all the time providing. I hope poor little Robbie will soon recover. I should like to see him very much.
You state in your letter that Preton wrote he had been acting Colonel and that our Lt. Colonel was absent. I did not know of either and keep well informed on all subjects connected with the doings. I wrote in my last about Lt. Chace returning from Washington bringing my box, &c. The shirts came all safe and fit me nicely.
The day has been rather cold and windy. The ground covered with two inches of snow. The Colonel came around this morning and said he was looking for a good place for us to make our winter quarters; that we should build log huts for ourselves & horses. I think it uncertain about it yet for we may be ordered forward any moment. The roads are very muddy and most impassable for wagons and especially loaded ones. I do not think the army can advance much farther this winter. Lt. Waterman whom I told you in my last letter had sent in his resignation received word tonight that it had been accepted so he will probably return home in a day or two.
Our surgeon [J. B. Greeley] who was wounded at Rappahannock Station has got his discharge. He was wounded in the left arm which has become stiff so he cannot move it. A man named [William H.] Wilbur has been appointed to fill his place. The Colonel offered me the Adjutancy of the Regiment if I wanted it but I declined preferring to remain in my company. Lt. Parker has been appointed and acted in that capacity for the first time tonight. Our regiment is extremely healthy now. Nit more than half dozen in the hospital. I see by the Providence papers the 2nd Rhode Island Cavalry are going with Banks Expedition. I think the reason we do not advance is because they are waiting for some movement along the coast. My love to all. Write soon. I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Lt., Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 25
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Rappahannock Station, Virginia January 9, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 4th inst. written in Providence just came to hand and I hasten to answer. Shall direct to Franklin as you did not state how long you would remain in Providence.
The weather is quite cold—the ground is covered with six inches of snow. Considered good sleighing in Washington. I finished my log hut four days ago. Have moved in and keeping house quite finely. My fireplace is large—gives out heat and draws the best of any in camp. My house is 10×8 built up with logs about four feet and covered with a tent fly.
I have one of those hospital [ ] hers trade of canvas to sleep upon. Just as good a bed as you have got. I’ve not heard from Preston for most a week so expect to go up in a day or two soon as I get my monthly returns made out.
I had quite a funny time with some secesh women at the Commissary this afternoon. They came from the country 6 or 7 miles distant to purchase supplies & although very needy, will not back down on bit but what they are the greatest rebels in the whole country.
With 50 men I went scouting to Morrisville yesterday, but discovered nothing, though reports stated a large rebel force in that neighborhood.
Two of our officers who have been home on leave returned yesterday. Do not suppose my turn will come until the last and then if I should come, it would be the first of spring. I have not received my box from Washington yet though expect it every day. Our chaplain [Frederic Denison] who stops with the Headquarters of the regiment at Catlett’s came down & stopped the night with me last week. He took one or two meals with me. Have not heard him preach for three months. For a religious man, I never saw one I thought less of than I do of him.
I received a letter from Carrie dated the 31st ulto. She stated Col. Thompson had called upon her. He was stopping in Providence. Was on 10 days leave.
I received a letter from my dear friend Chase in “Libby” twice writing last he had been elected as a hostage & with two others was to be sent to Salisbury, North Carolina to do “hard labor during the war” in retaliation for three Rebel officers captured on the Rappahannock & tried by court martial and sentenced as the above at Alton, Illinois. The papers came out and stated they were kept in irons but that is all bosh!
Dr. Mann has just returned who stopped there 4 months. I find by him there is no difference in the way of living since I was there and in one way it has been better as they received boxes from their friends at home. They are in good spirits & think it came at last always. They play cards, chess and cribbage for amusement. Hope I’ll be home to skate before the winter is through. Will write again soon. With much love, — Charley
Much obliged for the six stamps.
Letter 26
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Potomac Creek February 14, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of February 4th reached me last night. Also one from Carrie acknowledging the receipt of the money I sent, &c. I have just ended another three days picket duty. I acted as Adjutant to Major Farrington who commanded. It rained one day and night but not near as unpleasant as when I was last out. Our Colonel has just returned from Rhode Island where he has had a very pleasant time. He thinks Providence a perfect paradise. He brought with him a paper which I hardly expected although promised to me some time ago—that is a commission as Captain. So henceforward, you will direct all your communication to the above title. I am glad you received the money safe so enclose $10 in this to help pay for my shirts.
You wrote it was your 57th birthday. I had no idea you were growing old so fast. Preston sent in application for leave of absence some time ago but it was not approved owing to the Colonel’s absence. Now the Colonel has returned, he hopes to get it in a few days. You wrote about sewing straw, &c. Do not kill yourself working. There is no need of it. You wrote of a straw girl coming to you for you to knit her brother stockings. I do not see the need of that for our soldiers are supplied with plenty of clothing, wholesome food, &c. I do not like to hear those complaints for I know they are not true.
George Lathrop was here to see me four days ago. Said he had just returned from the North. I was glad to see him. Capt. Bixby went home this morning. He applied for leave some time ago. I have not applied yet and as much as a number of others have got their application in, it will be some time before I get home.
I spoke to you about some butter in my last but now I think I will not put you to any trouble about sending it to me. I think I had better let it be until I get home.
This is a very pleasant day. Seems most like spring. Our Brigadier General has been appointed command of a Division so our Colonel commands the Brigade, being senior Colonel. I think before long he will wear a star. Nothing would make me feel worse for we all should feel a great loss.
My commission of Captain came yesterday. Have not been assigned to any company yet so do not know what one I shall command. I will let you know by writing you very soon. I am very busy now so bid you goodbye. With much love to all, I remain very affectionately yours, — Chas. H. Thayer, Captain, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 27
Libby Prison Richmond, [Virginia] April 2nd 1863
Dear Mother,
I arrived this 6 p.m. from Gordonsville, wounded through fleshy part of right thigh. Doing well. 10 privates of my regiment are with me. A flag of truce boat is here and will take them off tomorrow. No chance for officers to be paroled or exchanged. Two from my regiment are here before me. I can write only 6 lines. Write soon, all of you. Goodbye, love to all.
— Charles H. Thayer, Capt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 28
Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia April 22nd 1863
My Dear Mother,
I am in good health. Wound doing well. Am happy as could be expected in place of this kind. 100 officers in one room including two generals. The 2nd Lieut. of my company is with me. Very few are sick. We are waiting very anxiously to hear news of an exchange. Hope something will be done soon. I have received no letters from you yet. Love to all.
Very affectionately yours, — Charles H. Thayer, Capt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 29
Alexandria, Virginia Monday, June 15, 1863
My dear Mother,
When I last wrote you I had just arrived at Potomac Creek. I tried to find transportation for myself and baggage but found it impossible—the regiment was so far away. All my property except my trunk was with Preston. Capt. Baker very kindly lent me some blankets & took me into his mess so I suffered no inconvenience for want on account of food or sleep.
We received orders on Saturday p.m. to be ready to move at 30 minutes notice [and] to destroy all property that could not be taken away on the persons of the men. All the property of our Brigade was put into log houses with hay, board, &c and then set on fire. This property was very valuable and consisted of carbines, pistols, sabres, ammunition, clothing and commissary stores worth a great many thousands of dollars.
We left then 12 o’clock at night for Acquia Creek. My trunk I carried before me on the saddle which weighed about 100 pounds. My carpet bag Capt. Baker kept on one of his horses. We reached Acquia Creek next morning 6 o’clock very tired, the men having to walk all the way carrying their heavy packs. Took the boat from there and reached this place at 5 p.m. last night. The men are camped about one mile from here. I am stopping at the City Hotel with Lt. Wilbur of my regiment. Also a number of officers of our Division.
I was unwell for a few days last eek but am better now. Shall be as well as ever soon as I get my habits regulated. We shall probably be sent to our regiments in a few days. Do not expect to stop here but very short time. Direct your letters to Washington as before & they will be forwarded to the regiment where I shall find them on my return. Love for all the family. I remain as ever your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer, Capt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter from the First Rhode Island Regiment, written by an officer in Co. D. Providence Evening Press, 22 June 1861
Letter 30
Frederick City, Maryland July 8, 1863
My dear Mother,
I had just time enough to write a very short note this morning & send by an officer who was waiting. We left Alexandria two days ago and arrived at this place last night after two days of severe marching, it raining part of the time. We have 100 men with us—all of the effective & well equipped men of the regiment. Capt. Gould is in command. I the next in rank under him. Shall leave here tomorrow morning at 5 o’clock a.m., probably march towards Boonesboro or Williamsport. The army has been passing us all day. Everyone feels jubilant at the success we have met with the last few days. Probably the rest of the regiment will remain at Alexandria as they are not in a condition to move.
The country looks most beautiful here—large fields of ripe wheat on every side. There is more people in this place than I have seen in any other part of Maryland. A spy was captured only a short distance from here day or two ago and hung to a tree only a short distance from our camp last night.
It is growing dark and cannot see to write so good night. Direct your letters same as ever to Washington & they will forward them to me from the regiment. From your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 31
Camp Detachment, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Bristoe Station on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad 8 miles below Manassas July 25th 1863
My dear Mother,
Your letters of the 24th of June & the 5th of July reached me yesterday—the first mail since we left the regiment. We left Gainesville yesterday morning and reached this place in the p.m. Shall probably stay here a day or two to get forage for our horses and help protect the road in this direction.
The Headquarters of the Army when last heard from was at Piedmont near Fort Royal in the Valley. The weather is extremely hot which makes the marches terribly fatiguing for both horses and men. My health has been good since I came out but one of the officers had had a breaking out upon his body which has troubled him greatly. Dr. says it is some kind of rash.
The sergeant who brought our mail stated Carrie was in Washington with Preston who was on a leave of absence while she was there. I should thought they would have sent me a letter as they had so good a chance.
I hear another portion of our regiment has been sent out beyond Fairfax Court House & is doing picket duty. I hope it will not be long before we shall come together again. I hear Lt. Col. Thompson has been promoted to Colonel, Major Farrington to Lt. Colonel, & Wyman to be Major. These men will not be able to hold any higher positions that they now occupy unless we receive new recruits & make our regiment up to the maximum number.
I suppose you were very glad to see the 9-months heroes who have just returned. Some of their kind friends should advise them to enlist again & perhaps they might get with the Army of the Potomac where they might be of service. I think there is no more patriotism in the North than there is in Russia as far as this war is concerned for you are fighting amongst yourselves to see whether you shall be made to come out and help repel the invaders of your soil. I hope we shall fight the enemy again soon but am afraid of the issue for we have been so often whipped on Virginia soil. Everything looks different at a distance and so this war does to people so far away who would not hardly know we existed except for the newspapers who magnify the smallest skirmish when we have a little advantage to a great victory. I should think by what the newspapers said that Lee’s army left Maryland totally routed and no more organization to it then as not. But I found it different and so did many of our poor soldiers who lost their lives in trying to follow them up. We found it so at Shephardstown where the whole of Gregg’s Division got driven back the other day.
I am willing to fight as long as anyone, but it is very discouraging to read the reports of mobs in our cities and to think the City Council should appropriate so much money so as to keep the men at home, while if we could raise one more small army after such a victory as Vicksburg & Port Hudson, we could soon put them down.
Write me soon and send all the news possible for we are to a certain extent isolated from the rest of the world having no newspapers. I forgot to mention I received a Congregationalist with my letters. Goodbye, with much love to you all. I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer, Captain, 1st R. I. Cavalry
Letter 32
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry near Warrenton, Virginia August 20, 1863
My dear Mother,
2 o’clock yesterday morning we left camp with two days ration & one of forage. The night was extremely dark. Found it very hard marching as our way led through thick woods. The men were continually getting their caps knocked off or else hit in the face by the branches. It would have been impossible to have gone the route we did if we had not men with us who understood the country. We reached the town of Salem by 5 o’clock where we got breakfast & fed our horses. My bugler got me a very nice breakfast of fried spring chicken & hoe cake—the best meal for a long time.
We searched all the houses. Got one prisoner just home to see his friends and was at the breakfast table. He belonged to the 6th Virginia Cavalry—a fine gentlemanly fellow, well educated and intelligent. I gave him tobacco to smoke and a good dinner when we stopped at noon which pleased him greatly!
The next place we reached was Markham, a small place on the Railroad. Here we got two more prisoners. One had a mail he was just going away with. Our advance guard chased ten more out of the town but having something of a start, got away. We stopped here one hour, sent parties out in different directions, but did not find much of importance. We had passed through quite a number of small towns but the names I cannot remember.
After leaving Markham a short distance behind, our advance guard charged on three of Mosby’s guerrillas and took them prisoners. They did not make much of a resistance. We passed through a small place called Ashby’s Crossroads. From there to Orleans. A short distance from there were our cavalry pickets. We got inside of those and encamped for the night, having made a march of 42 miles & been in the saddle since two in the morning.
We left there 6 o’clock this morning. The distance to camp was 15 miles which we reached about noon. I have had a bath, changed my clothes, so feel now just as good as new.
I have received no letter from you since I wrote you last. As the mail is due at 5 p.m., shall expect one. The weather has been extremely hot these last few days. Preston [Farrington] is in good health. Suppose Carrie is with you. Tell her I have written her twice since her return & shall expect an answer soon. Have you heard of General Duffié and he has been in Rhode Island, Write soon. With much love, I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer, Captain, R. I. Cavalry
Letter 33
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry near Culpeper Court House, Va. September 21st 1863
My dear Sister,
Your letter of August written in Mother’s absence to Dudley was received a long time ago. I have neglected to answer until the present time on account of my time being constantly occupied and as I write Mother often, you get all the news just as well as if I answered you promptly. Quite a number of our officers are absent—some sick, wounded, &c., and others at Libby Prison, which makes the duty for those present much harder. I have had the charge of two companies for the past two months and now command the whole Battalion, being the senior captain present.
We moved back from our advanced position near the Rapidan River four days ago to our present location where I hope we shall stay until we get our poor horses recuperated, which are greatly worn down from not receivinf their proper amount of grain and forage.
We are encamped here on the top of a hill. The rest of the Brigade in the valley beneath. The most beautiful location we had since we left Alexandria. Our men are unusually healthy. I have only two men unfit for duty. They are afflicted with boils which prevents them from riding. The Colonel commanding the Brigade issued the complimentary order last night extolling the gallantry and bravery of the men since our advance. Says no troops could have done better. I think the 1st Rhode Island can take a good share of the credit for we led the advance most of the way.
Two days ago Granville Morse called to see me. Was in good health. He drives an ambulance for which capacity he is peculiarly fitted on the account of his excitable nature. Today William Adams has been to see me. Looks the best I ever saw him—very fleshy & in the best of health. I have been writing all day helping my clerk make out returns for ordnance, quartermaster and other stores for which property I am responsible to a large amount.
Major Preston Metcalf Farrington (1825-1925) was married to Caroline (“Carrie”) Thayer (1823-1918)—Charles’ older sister.
We have heard very conflicting reports about the number of the enemy across the Rapidan. Their force is much larger than we first expected or they have received reinforcements. It was reported last night we should move forward tomorrow but I think probably untrue. When “Meade” moves, he will go very cautiously if we can judge from past experience. Report came last night that all our officers in Libby prison would soon be released but I see by today’s papers it is untrue. We have got some fine fellows there. They have my greatest sympathy.
We have not received our conscripts yet as they fill the infantry regiments first. In my last battle near Rapidan River, we had 13 wounded and two killed. Amongst the wounded was our Adjutant who received a frightful wound in the face, taking nearly all the left cheek away. Preston [Farrington] stood near him at the time, the same shell grazing his sleeve. We all had very narrow escapes and that God spared our lives, we should be very thankful.
I have written Carrie, Mother and Em all within a few days. Please answer this short note soon. With love for friends & acquaintances & my dear sister Lizzie & nephew, I remain your affectionate brother, — Charles H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 34
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Catlett’s Station, Va. November 24, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 9th inst. came o hand yesterday. Hasten to answer. We left Fayetteville 7.30 o’clock on the morning of the 20th, marched to Bealton Station, waited there most of the day, when we marched for this place, leaving at Bealton one squadron & sending one squadron to Rappahannock Station three miles below. Maj. Farrington has charge of the part of the force here. The 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry are above us at Bristoe Station & Manassas. So we help guard the railroad with one division of infantry from Manassas to Rappahannock. Our duties are very hard for men and horses for we are constantly scouting & doing picket duty. The rest of our Division has gone to Morrisville this side of Fredericksburg.
The Army advanced yesterday supposed to be across the Rapidan though have heard nothing as yet. I think Meade is trying to flank them and if he does we shall have Acquia Creek the base for supplies. Our quartermaster has gone to Washington and expect when he returns he will bring my wished for box and valise.
We have had only one hard storm this season though last season we had to wade in mud.
I am sorry you poor women have to work so hard and have to bow down & supplicate a few money making Yankee jews, and hope you will never have to go around with another paper. That is, if I am able to help you any. I have a $2 note which I send you. That will be as good as two days work of bonnets. I do not know whether it is good or not but for it for a debt. Think it is though. I hope Amos will find a good market for his cranberries. I am glad Samuel such good success in his school &c. Hope Isa[belle] has improved her time. Wish she would write me a letter.
Two of our officers who have been absent sick since the summer have just returned so to be with us after all our hard work is done.
Have received no letters from Capt. Chase since I last wrote you. As to the stories you read in the papers about the prisoners suffering for want of proper food, &c, I think are true though in some cases they may be exaggerated. We expect our Assistant Surgeon back in a few days as all the Rebel surgeons we held have been sent South for exchange. I owe Emily a letter and shall write the next one to her. My love to all. I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Lyman Aylesworth of the 1st Rhode Island Cavalry. He enlisted in the unit when it first formed in the early Fall of 61 and served with it all the way through to the end of the War. He participated in over 30 battles. He barely escaped capture at the Battle of Middleburg (VA) on June 17/18, 1863 when most of his comrades were taken prisoner. His family donated his uniform, sword, enlistment papers and other various accoutrements to our museum in the 1920s. We recently conserved his shell jacket.— at Varnum Armory Museum.
Letter 35
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Catlett’s Station, Virginia December 2, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 27th ulto. with two papers came to hand one hour ago—the first mail we have received since leaving Fayetteville as it all goes to Headquarters at the front. The way we got this was by sending our Chaplain to Washington who now has it directly to us.
Two days ago while some infantry men were chopping wood half mile from camp, one of their number was taken prisoner by three guerrillas. The rest came to camp, gave the alarm. Two companies were sent to the rescue. They followed the guerrilla party nearly a mile. When close up to them, the guerrillas shot their prisoner through the head and then skedaddled. Same night a picket post of 21 men at Licking Run Bridge 5 miles below us was attacked, three men wounded, and five taken prisoners. Orders were sent to us and I at 12 o’clock at night had to go to the place & find the direction the Rebs had taken & try to overtake them. The was intensely cold. We went towards Germania, Fayetteville & Warrenton but could find no traces. Got back to camp by light in the morning, almost frozen.
Capt. Vose who is at Rappahannock Station 15 miles below here has had 9 men captured. I have just received orders to start to reinforce him tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock. I do not like this splitting up a regiment so. Had rather be all together. Then find it to be much pleasanter. News reached us tonight that Meade was falling back and that his headquarters were back to Brandy Station.
I wrote you soon after receiving my valise. Everything suited me. The shirts are a perfect fit. One of the socks fell in the fire the morning after I received them and got burned up. We have had great chances here for living well. The people bring in loads of milk. eggs, chicken, butter, &c to sell. Preston bought a turkey, had it roasted and invited a party of us to dinner. I do not think it could have tasted much better at home!
The news from the West is very encouraging and was in hopes it would be so from us if Meade had not fallen back. Perhaps Meade made this forward movement with the intention of falling. Probably we have saved Burnside at Knoxville.
The weather is growing cold and soon it will be very muddy. Am in hopes if the news we received from the front is true that the army will go into winter quarters. Then hope to get furlough. Preston is in good health, Has written to Carrie. In the tent above me some of the officers have got a violin and are singing hymns, &c. I am going to help them now so bid you good night. Will write soon as I get to Rappahannock. With much love I remain your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer
Letter 36
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Rappahannock Station, Virginia December 11, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 6th inst. just came to hand. Happy to learn you are getting over your lameness. Hope you will not be troubled with it again.
You will see by the heading we remain in our old position guarding the railroad. Do not know how long we shall remain as our Brigade passed by us today going in direction of Warrenton. Suppose we shall hold the country to keep the enemy from coming onto our flank. Think we may be ordered to join them as we shall not be of much good here. I have been very busy all dasy making out my return for Quartermaster Stores for the month of November. Although I have a sergeant to do all my writing, I occasionally help for fear he may make mistakes.
You spoke about my valise. It is not hurt—only in looks. Only the lining was damaged. I place papers inside so my clothes are not soiled. The clothes Carrie sent in the box came nicely, not damaged at all. The weather is getting cold. Snow fell this morning, not of any consequence however. I commenced a fireplace day before yesterday and finished last night. Made it by placing small logs upright on half circle, then filling the cracks with mud to keep from taking fire. I am sitting before it now just as warm and comfortable as you in your sitting room.
Preston and Capt. Vose with 50 men returned from a scouting expedition in vicinity of Morrisville, Kelly’s Ford, last night. Discovered nothing of importance except guerrillas. Two infantrymen were captured yesterday while a short distance from camp cutting wood. One of my men while out cutting wood this morning let slip his axe. It struck his right foot, cutting through the boot, splitting the large toe half way down.
Our paymaster has paid off that part of the regiment at Catlett’s Station. Expect him to come here tomorrow morning. I received a letter from my 2nd Lieutenant at New Haven who went to get conscripts last fall. He had just returned from South Carolina where he had gone to take conscripts for the 3rd Rhode Island Artillery. He expects to stay north all winter. I wish all our officers who have been absent so long would return as it would make our duty much easier. We receive plenty of hay and grain for our horses, not having to work so hard as they did two months ago begin to look quite well. Our quartermaster has gone to Washington in hopes of getting supplies of all kinds needed in the regiment. Our chaplain returned from there a few days ago. He went for two days and stayed eight. I am glad Sammy Hunt was successful in teaching. Think him peculiarly fitted for that profession. Hope Isa[dore] has improved her tune. Should be happy to hear from her. Who is this Dr. Briggs you spoke of who rendered such services to Samuel and received in return valuable present of a book. Id he the new Homeopathic physician?
The postage stamps came safe just in time. I received a letter from Carrie dated the 6th the same as yours. Robbie had accidentally hurt one of her eyes which inflamed and troubled her greatly. I will write again soon. With much love to all, I remain your affectionate son, — Charley
To my dear mother.
Letter 37
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Rappahannock Station, Va. December 15th 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 10th inst. reached me last night. Happy to hear from you once more. Yesterday our paymaster gave us another call and paid us up to the 1st of November. The Allotment Commissioner was along so most of us had a chance to send our money home. My company sent over two thousand dollars. I sent Carrie $250 to pay my debt and the rest to be put in the bank. One of my men has sent home $25 every two months since entering the service. Is not that pretty good for one of the $13 “Defenders”.
Preston, with one Lieutenant and 25 men went on a scout to Sulphur Springs this morning. Has just returned but discovered nothing of importance.
An order was issued a few days ago allowing two officers out of a regiment and one enlisted man out of a hundred to receive furlough for ten days. I have sent one in for my Orderly Sergeant and should have sent one in for myself if my clothes had been fit for the journey, but I wrote to Providence and ordered a new jacket and boots, &c. so when they are done, hope to come home if no one objects. I think Preston will be home before long.
You wrote of the straw men advancing the price of work 20 percent. Makes no difference if they do. I hope you will not be foolish enough to work even for that much advance for you will find health much better than wealth. You will find you will reach the first much poorer and not increase the latter. I send you $5 as a Christmas present. The pattern of Isa[dore]’s dress you sent me I thought very pretty. You wrote of Horace Morse daughter being married to Henry Peake’s cousin. I do not know who he is. Does he live in town and what in his business?
The Franklin Boys must look out for the next draft. Money won’t save them? I hope Amos has been successful with the cranberries since last I heard. I received Lottie’s letter of the 8th inst. Shall answer soon. Tell Emily I wrote her only a few days ago and I expect an answer soon. What is Father doing this winter? Wish he would write and inform me as I have never received a letter from him since entering the Army. This has been a most beautiful day. Warm as the Indian summer.
When we last heard from our Brigade it was at Warrenton protecting the right flank and rear of the Army, by picketing Thoroughfare Gap, &c.
I bought 1 lb. butter today for 75 cents. Cheese 50 cents, and 1 mackerel for 25 cents. You have no idea how high everything is—especially that which sutlers bring. I hope to hear from home again in course of day or two. Shall continue to write often. With love to all and much for you. I remain affectionately your son, — C. H. Thayer
Letter 38
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Rappahannock Station, Va. December 25, 1863
My dear Mother,
I wish you a Merry Christmas. Hope the day is warm and pleasant in Massachusetts as it is here in Old Virginia. The sun shines bright and as there is no wind stirring, seems like Autumn. Yours of the 20th reached me two days ago. Happy to hear as usual.
Messrs. Vose and Finch, who came on to get the remains of Lt. [H. L.] Nicolai killed at [the Battle of] Kelly’s Ford [on] March 17th, have been unsuccessful. They visited the battlefield yesterday and dug the ground marked as the spot where he was said to have been buried but no one was ever buried there they judged from the appearance of the ground. They tried a number of other places but with no success. Mr. Finch has been stopping with me. Shall be glad when he goes for I have suffered martyrdom since he has been here for we sleep together on my bed not over two feet wide. I’ll thank heaven when he goes!
Lt. Col. Thompson went to Washington last night on 15 days leave. Expect Preston will be ordered up to take his place at Warrenton Junction. It being Christmas, the men are trying to enjoy themselves. A sutler not far from camp, they have been patronizing very largely this morning. This has always been a great day with the Darkies down South, being allowed to visit, &c. My two come to me last night and wanted the days to themselves. Wished an order for whiskey.
I’m glad the men come forward and enlist. Hope they will not have to draft in Franklin. There has been some talk about our regiment reenlisting but think it doubtful if we do. Shall know by the time I write again.
I have not heard Preston say when he expects to go home—probably after the return of the Colonel. I finished reading the three Congregationalists you sent me last night. Found them very interesting. Shall be happy to receive more. Preston received a letter from Carrie last night. Was in good health. I know of nothing more to interest you so bid you goodbye. Love to all. Affectionately yours, — Charley
Letter 39
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Rappahannock Station, Va. December 31, 1863
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 24th written on my birthday came to hand last night and gratefully received as usual. The weather is very unpleasant. Has rained for the three last days. The ground is now so muddy it is impossible to move around—even from one tent to another. Col. Thompson went home on furlough last week. Preston has gone to Warrenton Junction to take his place while absent. I have been very busy making out pay rolls for November and December. Have just got them finished.
Messrs. Vose and Finch who came here to get the remains of Lt. [H. L.] Nicolai have returned without them. We searched the battlefield two days but could not find his grave.
Has Franklin filled her quota? I should think the men would come forward and accept the large bounty and not want to be drafted. Has Amos heard from his cranberries yet?
I received a long letter from Carrie last night. She was in good health. I wrote Emily a long while ago but have received no answer. Just remind her. Getting a furlough does not look so favorable as it did two weeks ago as so many will have to go before I. Has George Claflin been in Franklin this winter? Why don’t they draft him? He’s just the fellow I’d like to see go and have to [ ] and sleep in Virginia mud.
A large number of regiments are reenlisting for three more years. Do not think the 1st Rhode Island will as they will have seen service enough if they finish out their present term. We expect our conscript officers at New Haven will soon be ordered back. They have had a long time of playing soldier. Now they had better come & relieve some of us who are tired. Tomorrow is New Years. Hope it will be pleasant. That is about all we can ask for. Christmas we had a very fine time. Capt. Vose got up a turkey dinner just as good as it looked at home. I have nothing more of interest to write so bid you goodbye. With much love, I remain yours affectionately, — C. H. Thayer
Letter 40
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Detachment Rappahannock Station, Virginia January 19th 1864
My dear Sister,
Yours of the 6th inst. is at hand. Should have answered sooner if I’d not been so busy looking after the reenlisting of my company. We got the papers finished today (13 have to be made for each man) and the men mustered out and into the service. Received their pay, bounty, &c. amounting to over $200 for each man. I have 45 men in my company that is in the field, not including those absent sick in hospitals of which number 29 have reenlisted. We cannot send them all at once—only a detachment at a time. The number that has reenlisted in the regiment is 270 in all. Expect to send a small detachment in a few days. The men having received the promise of going home & now being mustered & received their money feel impatient to be going, and I do not blame them for they are liable to be killed or captured most any day while out scouting.
Lt. Robbins of our regiment has command of a company stationed at Bealton. He was attacked between 12 and 1 o’clock on the night of the 8th by a party of 60 of Mosby’s men just [3] times the number of his company. The Lt. happened to be awake and when the rebels came up to the abatis which surrounds the camp (made of trees & brush), gave them a volley of about 20 carbines from his men who ran out of their quarters in their night clothes, not having time to dress. The Rebels finding our men awake and meeting with such strong resistance scampered away leaving two pistols, one carbine, and other property & the ground covered with blood in a number of places. We had two men wounded, one considered dangerous and six horses just grazed by bullets.
I was ordered out the next day with my squadron to scout the country. Could find no traces of them except at a house where they had left 8 men wounded the night previous. The General commanding the Division has issued an order complimenting Lieut. Robbins for his gallantry in repulsing the Rebels as his safety relied in that of the cavalry for if they had been captured, he and his wife would most assuredly gone to for he stops in a home not more than quarter mile from the lieutenant’s camp.
Granville Morse called to see me soon after his return from Franklin. Thought some of reenlisting though had not decided.
Have not seen Preston for over a week. Shall go up and stop the night with him in a day or so. I do not see any prospect of coming home right away though I’m very impatient to. The weather has been very pleasant and warm until day before yesterday when it rained in torrents. Cleared off this morning. Has been blowing furiously since. The mud so deep dislike to step out of doors. With much love for Austin and yourself and the family, I remain as ever, — Charley
Letter 41
Washington D. C. April 15, 1864
My dear Mother,
We arrived here yesterday 3 p.m. being two days on the way from New York here. Feel very tired and dirty. Our men are stopping at the Soldier’s Rest and we officers at the Metropolitan Hotel. Shall go to Camp Stoneman 6 miles from here soon as arrangements are made.
Edwin Forrest in the Broker of Bogota
We all went to the theatre last night and heard Edwin Forrest in play of the Broker of Bogota. Thought it very fine.
Since we left Rhode Island, my valise has not been seen though I have had the whole regimental baggage searched twice. Our baggage was taken in mistake by the 3rd Rhode Island Artillery so hope I shall find it amongst them. If not, I shall have to send home for more clothes.
I am in great hurry so will write no more now. Write often & direct to Washington D. C. as usual. With much love to all, I remain your affectionate son, — Chas. H. Thayer, Capt., 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
to Mrs. Caroline Thayer, Franklin, Massachusetts
Letter 42
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Giesboro Point, D. C. April 21st, 1864
My dear Mother,
Your letters of the 13th and 17th inst. are at hand. Should have answered before but have been very busy since entering camp. Have quite stormy weather which made it very disagreeable. Have got everything now in good shape and situated very comfortably about seven miles from Washington. I wrote you from Washington soon after my arrival and stated my valise was lost, I have done everything in my power to find it since but have been unsuccessful. It is a great loss besides a great inconvenience. The officers have kindly loaned me handkerchiefs & towels so I get along very well. I expect to go to Washington in course of a few days shall then be able to get all necessary articles. If I cannot get them reasonable, shall send to Carrie and have them sent by express.
The weather is very fine though not so warm as to do without fires. We have received no arms or equipments yet. Expect it will be some time before we do. We have three hours foot drill daily which keeps us very busy.
I have nothing of importance to write so will close with much love to all. I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Letter 43
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Giesboro Point, D. C. April 25th 1864
My dear Mother,
This is a most beautiful morning. If not for the slight breeze, would be most as near comfortable as July for it is the warmest day we have had yet. Chaplain Clarke returned Saturday night, He preached to us yesterday morning. It seems natural to hear camp preaching but something unusual to hear him. We are very pleasantly encamped on the north bank of the Potomac on one of the highest elevations about seven miles from Washington. The men are in good comfortable “A” tents. The officer tents are all together on three sides of a hollow square, the Major in the centre of the upper line [see sketch].
We drill our men three hours every day. The band practices while drilling so you see we are all busy. It is uncertain when we shall obtain horses or equipments. Of course we cannot go to the front until we do. Still we may receive them all in a hurry as Grant is sending regiment and man that is fit to go to the front.
I feel bad about losing my valise. Have given up all hopes of ever seeing it again and have sent to Carrie to send me another which I hope will reach me soon as I am in much need of certain articles.
We have a very pleasant place to board near camp with a lady whose husband is Ordnance Sergeant at Fort Greble. She gives us very fine living for $4.50 per week. Major [Preston] Farrington with his staff officers mess in camp, not so pleasant as to board at a private house as we do. We have a good many men in hospital since we returned—colds, fevers, &c. Warm weather will soon get them better. I know nothing interesting to write so will bid you goodbye with love to all. I remain most affectionately yours, — Charles H. Thayer, Capt., 1st R. I. Cavalry
Letter 44
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Belle Plain, Virginia May 24, 1864
My dear Mother,
I wrote to you Sunday 12 M. just before starting to escort wagon train to Fredericksburg. The distance there is thirteen miles. I arrived there & reported with my command consisting of fifty men from 1st Rhode Island and 100 from the 13th Ohio to Col. Shriver, Military Governor, who ordered me to bivouac my men in some half demolished & uninhabited houses near his headquarters & be ready at 9 o’clock next morning to return with another train. We passed the night very comfortable & left next morning at 9 a.m. with the return train consisting of 30 wagons partially filled with wounded and men belonging to the Christian & Sanitary Commissions. Also twenty Rebel prisoners. The country through which I passed is filled with guerrillas, a train having been attacked only the night before. I arrived back here in safety last night at 5 p.m. Took a good super and went to bed feeling as if I had done my duty & had a good right to sleep as anyone.
Maj. Farrington and Quartermaster Steere was to Washington on the 19th inst. to obtain ordnance stores &c. They returned last night with everything required. They are evacuating this place as rapidly as possible. Everything will have gone by this p..m. We are under marching orders and shall leave soon. Our destination is Port Royal which is the future base of supplies for the Army.
We have heard nothing new from the Army within the two past days. Reports are that Grant is only holding his own and is not driving them as reported in the papers. I saw a Colonel from the front last night who stated he thought Grant done well if he held his present position. We cannot tell yet. Things will turn a few days determine.
I just received a letter from Carrie stating she had just sent my boots, &c. Probably I shall not be able to obtain them in a long while as we move about so much. Preston is in good health & spirits and sends much love. With love to you all, I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer, Capt., 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 45
Camp Stoneman Giesboro Point, D. C. June 10th 1864
My dear Mother,
I write again though I have received no answer to my last. The weather has been very changeable the past week—first a hurricane, then severe hail & rain showers. In one of the camps near here not a tent was left standing so severe was the wind.
I have been improving since my arrival here. With proper food and shelter, shall get along finely and be able to return to the regiment in course of a few weeks. One of the other officers who was unwell was sent to Annapolis. I have not heard from him yet. Both our assistant surgeons are here in camp. I am stopping with Dr. Mann, the one who was in Libby Prison so long. Capt. Sawyer, the one who was condemned tot be hung by the rebels while in Libby is here. Since his arrival here has been promoted to Major and received a fine present of horse and equipments from friends at home.
Everything is very quiet. No other excitement beside war news. Expect it will be some time before Richmond is taken!
I have received no letter from Chase since the one you sent me, I hear that all the Libby officers have been sent to Alabama. Has Amos found any chances to invest money in woodland yet? If he hears of any chances, I wish he would inform me. I received my boots last week. They suit very well. What has become of Mr. Fisher. Is he still around town? I wish you would write about him. Strawberries for 25 cents per box in Washington. Also cherries in abundance. Has Father returned from New York yet? And what success in business? I hope before next summer I’ll be out of the service so I can enjoy civilized life & society. Write soon. Tell the girls to write and I’ll answer. With love to all, I remain your affectionate son, — Charles H. Thayer
Letter 46
Headquarters 2nd Division Camp Stoneman D. C. June 24, 1864
My dear Mother,
I have waited long and patiently to hear from you but now have given up in despair and will write this as the last resort to get a response. If you write, your letters must be directed wrong or else they are miscarried.
The weather is most uncomfortably hot and with the thick swarm of flies makes it most intolerable to enjoy the least particle of comfort. I am in hopes of a shower or a storm to relieve the atmosphere as we have not had rain for most two weeks. Maj. Fry who commanded this Division when I came has been relieved & sent to the front and his place taken by Lt. Col. Young, a very fine officer and gentleman who has made great improvements in the camp since he came. I feel the loss of Dr. Mann greatly. There is only one other officer from my regiment here with me—that is Dr. Uttes who has charge of the Post Hospital. He calls to see me occasionally.
Cherries are very plenty here. Sell for 20 cents per quart. All kind of vegetables are now ripe. I enjoy them very much. One of our officers attended the Sanitary Fair at Philadelphia last week. I sent Isodore one of the papers he brought back which is published for the Fair! I have not been able to hear from the regiment yet. Probably they have been with Sheridan in his recent raid as the reason. I have not been to the city yet so have not been able to send my money to Carrie but expect to do so in course of a few days.
What is Isodore doing. Is she at school? I wish the girls would all write to me if not so busily engaged. I sent you an Army & Navy Journal last week and I shall continue to do so fast as I receive them. I have received no letter from Chase since the one you sent me. I hear though that he with the rest of the prisoners have been sent to Alabama. I wrote Carrie last week. Am waiting in hopes to get an answer. Please answer soon as possible and direct your letters to Capt. C. H. Thayer, Headquarters 2nd Division, Camp Stoneman, D. C. You must not put down the regiment for if you do, they will send it there. Direct as I have written & it will reach me. With much love, I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
Letter 47
Headquarters 2nd Division Camp Stoneman, D. C. June 26, 1864
My dear Mother!
The first letter I have received since my arrival here was one from Carrie yesterday which made me so happy that I immediately sat down and answered it.
The weather has been terrible dry and hot until this afternoon when the wind commenced blowing a hurricane and with it came a little rain for which we are very thankful. Carried stated in her letter that you were going to visit her this week. I hope you will be enabled to do so, and stop as long as you possibly can and enjoy yourself as much as possible. I shall send her some money by Express next week and with it will be some for you.
I have not heard from Dr. Mann who went to the front last week. I guess he had hard work to find the regiment for he went to City Point supposing them to be there but I have since learned they were at the White House [Landing]. I hope to hear from the regiment soon. I send you a Harpers Weekly with this. Probably will reach you the same time. I sent Carrie a check yesterday for $500 to purchase me some of the government 10-40 [ ] which I consider a good investment just now.
I wrote Lottie last week but have got no answer yet. Capt. Wooster of the 7th Massachusetts Heavy Artillery stationed in Ft. Greble near here was sun struck yesterday. Our doctor attended to him. They thought first he would not recover but now is doing well I believe. The weather has been so hot for the past two days that we have hardly left our tents.
Has Father returned from New York yet? And was he successful in disposing of all his business? I thought his chances looked rather doubtful from what I heard while in New York. How does Emily get along with her school? And has Nancy been troubled with Mr. Fisher and what is he doing? I should think he would have to do something pretty soon or his money be all gone. I have nothing of interest to write so will close with much love to you all. Affectionately yours, — C. H. Thayer
P. S. If you will be particular and direct your letters according to direction underneath there will be no trouble in their reaching me.
Capt. C. H. Thayer, Headquarters 2nd Division, Camp Stoneman, D. C.
Letter 48
Headquarters 2d Division Camp Stoneman, D. C. July 8, 1864
My dear Mother!
Yours of the 3rd instant reached me two days ago. Should have answered immediately had I not received one from Nancy the day before which required my attention first. The weather has been very changeable for the past week. Very cool both nights and morning but extreme,y hot in middle of the day—which causes sickness. Some have the chills and fevers and others dysentery &c. I never heard of more sickness for the number of men in my life!
At Col. Gamble’s Headquarters, the commanding office, they had sent cards of invitation and had every arrangement completed for the celebration of the 4th when an order from the War Department came saying every effective man would be armed with muskets & be ready to march for Harpers Ferry the next morning. The officers instead of enjoying themselves had to work all night equipping their men &c. to be ready to march. They went the next morning numbering eighteen hundred in all under the command of Lt. Col. Young. The men belong to most every cavalry regiment in the service and were not very well pleased in the way they were armed. It will last no longer than the Rebs stay in Maryland for then they will return here & resume their cavalry equipments & soon as mounted, rejoin their regiments.
The people have been greatly alarmed at the magnitude of the rebel raid, A great many have fled from their homes and have come to Washington and to cities farther North.
Lt. Barnes’ wife has just come to stop with him. She came from Chambersburg, Pa. Said the citizens were all arming and would this time try to prevent the Rebels from occupying the town so easily. Their forces are estimated at thirty thousand strong. If so, they can seriously threaten Washington & Baltimore. More troops are forwarded immediately from the North. I am sorry you did not stop longer in Providence so as to receive your money for it must have reached there the Monday following. Blackberries are very plenty. I send my man out twice a day so eat them every meal. Probably they are not ripe with you yet. I send enclosed Visite of Lt. Col. Young who commanded this Division until the 5th inst. when he went in command of the dismounted men to Harpers Ferry. He is a very fine officer. I have known him this two years. He received a terrible wound in the right arm at the Battle of Sulphur Springs last fall. He will never obtain the use of his right arm again. They tried to put him in the Invalid Corps or have him discharged but he would not agree to it. I should like very much to be with you during this hot weather but know it to be an impossibility.
If I live, I’ll be with you next summer if nothing prevents. Write often and send all the news, &c. I wish Father would write and let me know how much he made off his trimmings. Love to all. Adieu—Charley
Letter 49
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry near Harpers Ferry, Va. Monday, August 8th 1864
Dear Mother,
The 1st Division of Cavalry to which the 1st Rhode Island belongs arrived at Geisboro Point last Wednesday 3 p.m. and having recovered my health, I rejoined for duty. We left there 5 p.m. Friday, really Tennallytown & encamped 11 o’clock p.m.. Rained during the night. Left there 7 a.m. next morning, passed through Neilsville, Rockville, Readsville & encamped at 5 p.m. near Hyatstown.
August 7th, left Hyatstown 5 a.m. passed through Urbana, Buckeystown, Jefferson and Knoxville and encamped at 5 p.m. half mile this side of Harpers Ferry where we are now awaiting the arrival of rations & forage. The enemy when last heard from were at Charlestown across the river 10 miles & at Hagerstownm Maryland, 10 miles to the North. We shall probably move forward soon & learn their exact whereabouts.
I should have written you before leaving Camp Stoneman but was too busy. Did not find time. Hope to receive all the letters you may have sent there. In future, you will direct to Capt. C. H. Thayer, 1st Rhode Island Cavalry, Washington D. C.
Preston is in good health and grows fat every day. Hope if our army is large enough to drive the rebels down the valley so I can have one more look at the rich & pleasant valley of the Shenandoah.
I like our new Brigade very much better than I did the old one. We have very fine regiments here—all U. S. Regulars. Both good officers and men. I have not heard from Carrie since I sent the $200 and boots. If she is at home, please tell her to write as I want to know if they reached their destination. Has Isa[dore] commenced her school yet? Write when she requires any money. Write often. I will answer when possible. With much love, I remain. Yours affectionately. — C. H. Thayer.
Letter 50
Headquarters Cavalry Reserve Brigade Shepherdstown, Virginia August 23rd 1864
My dear Mother,
I wrote you last of the 18th inst. which I hope you received. Yours of the 14th came safe. On the morning of the 21st our regiment was ordered to report to Gen. Torbet’s Headquarters, commanding cavalry in this Department. Left Berryville same date. The rebels having attacked our pickets in heavy force, were driving them back fast. Our Brigade was ordered to saddle & be ready to meet the enemy. They drove us from the town & fought our division quite hard all the way to Charlestown where we bivouacked for the night, neither unsaddling or taking off our arms.
August 22nd. In the saddle, marched to Shepherdstown where we are now in line of battle awaiting the attack of the enemy. The weather has been stormy the past week making it rather uncomfortable marching in the drizzle. Think we shall have a wet fall after so dry a summer. I live much better here than I did with the regiment as we have conveniences for carrying everything we require. I had for breakfast this morning chicken stew, potatoes, biscuit, coffee & milk, green corn and honey.
Though the regiment is at Headquarters now, I shall be able to see Preston quite often though I wish they had remained in the Brigade. I have not been able to hear from Carrie since leaving Camp Stoneman and feel anxious to hear the safe arrival of $200 and pair boots which I sent her before leaving there. If she has not returned to Providence, ask her is she has received them and will write to that effect.
Shepherdstown is a very pretty place of about 2,000 inhabitants. Has four churchesm court house, two stores, &c. The people mostly secesh though occasionally an Union family. We are receiving rations & forage this morning. Do not know whether we fall back to Maryland or not, though I think this campaign has been a failure so far as results are concerned.
I suppose Isa[dore] will need some money soon for her schooling. When she does, I will send her all she requires. The rain cleared off this morning & the sun has come out scorching hot. I wrote Lottie three days ago but have not been able to send before this morning but hope it will be accepted though rather old. I am glad Amos succeeded in purchasing me some land. I sent him a check for the required amount. I have just turned over my ink stand so must close for want of ink. Much love for all, I remain as ever yours, — C. H. Thayer, Capt. R. I. Cavalry
Letter 51
Headquarters Cavalry Reserve Brigade Four miles from Berryville, Virginia August 31st 1864
My dear Mother,
I wrote you yesterday just before leaving Charlestown & sent by an officer who was going to Washington. We commenced our march 2 p.m. and reached this place 8 p.m., posted our pickets, ate supper, and in bed at 12 p.m. Was alarmed during the night by the rebels firing on our pickets. Turned out but found it was done only by guerrillas and no use to go out after them. The weather is quite cool & fall like. We have driven thus far up the Valley but do not know how much farther we can follow them without their turning and driving us back as they did before. When we retreated from here two weeks ago we destroyed all the hay and grain possible by burning &c. so we have only that brought up by the supply train.
September 2d 1864. I recommend this letter yesterday but did not have time to finish. We still remain the same place. The pickets had slight skirmishing today with the enemy. Probably will weave forward tomorrow to find out their force & drive them back.
Preston callled to see me this morning. He is acting Provost Marshal on Gen. Torbert’s staff who commands all the cavalry in the Valley. They are encamped about half a mile from me. I was out inspecting the picket line this afternoon when some of my men went out to a hoise a short distance from the line when they were fired on by guerrillas. I sent a hasty chase but could not overtake them, their horses being the fleetest.
I have not heard from you for quite a long while nor from Carrie or the rest of the family! We live much better here than with the regiment for we have plenty of transportation to carry crockery, &c. Two of our officers have just returned from foraging. Brought in one sheep, 12 chickens, 3 turkeys, honey and milk. We have a good cook so we have all the luxuries you can get at home—only our meals are very irregular—sometimes eating 3 a.m. and 12 p.m. We are very tired from constant work and need rest as also do our horses, many of which are dying daily. I am very tired & cannot stop to write more tonight so will bid you good night as it is now 10 p.m. Why cannot the girls write oftener for I have answered every letter.
Respectfully your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Capt., 1st R. I. Cavalry, Inspector Cavalry Reserve Brigade
Letter 52
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Harrisonburg, Virginia October 4, 1864
My dear Mother,
Do not think for my seeming negligence in not writing that I have in the least forgotten or do not think of you. The reason is we have been kept so constantly busy and so far from our based of supplies, that if I had time to write, I could not send.
Gen. Sheridan’s decisive Battle of Opequon (3rd Battle of Winchester) occurred on 19 September 1864. It marked a major turning point of the war in securing Northern control of the Shenandoah Valley.
We left our camp bear Berryville on the 19th of September at 4 o’clock a.m. and marched for the Opequon Creek where we met the enemy and after a severe fight, crossed over and drove their cavalry to the main body of their infantry when we fought them until 3 o’clock p.m. when we totally routed & defeated them & drove them beyond Winchester where we stopped for the night. Was up until 11 o’clock at night helping the Provost Marshal of the Cavalry (Major [Preston] Farrington( turn over the prisoners 800 in all to the Provost Marshal at Army Headquarters. It was a most glorious day with us—one of the most brilliant battles in which I was ever engaged. Had a fine chance to witness the fight as I served as Aide on the staff of Gen. [Alfred] Torbert all day.
Gen. Alfred Torbert and staff on a porch at Light House Point, Va. in July, 1864
We stopped the remainder of the night. Capt. Emmons, Assistant Adjutant General on staff of Reserve Brigade where I used to be as Inspector General, was severely wounded through the thigh. Thirteen men who had been sent back through Front Royal to carry dispatches to General Sheridan were attacked by a large party of guerrillas & mostly killed & captured—only one returning to tell the tale.
23rd. Left position at crossroads at might, marched back through Front Royal across the Shenandoah River & went into camp three miles from the town at 10 a.m. On our way back, Lieut. [Charles] McMaster of the 2nd U. S. Cavalry who had charge of the advance guard, came across a body of Mosby’s guerrillas & charged them. He got so far from the main column that he was cut off and he with four of his [men] taken prisoners. Our main body soon coming up & the enemy finding they could not escape & take their prisoners with them, shot them in the cold blood, killing the four men and mortally wounding the Lieutenant who lived for three hours & told us how he was treated after he had surrendered. We soon captured five of the scoundrels, two of whom we shot down & the other three we hung to a tree on a hill where they could be seen at a long distance & labeled thus: “Hung in retaliation for shooting a Federal officer after he had surrendered.” “The fate of Mosby’s gang.” [see John Mosby’s Retaliatory War by Kevin Pawlak]
General Torbert told one of them before hanging if they would lead a party to Mosby’s quarters that night that they should be treated as prisoners of war but they said no—that they had taken the oath to support the Confederate States and that they would not turn traitors. They said they did not know of our men being killed after surrendering and would not believe it, saying they never heard of such a thing.
At 5 p.m. we received news from Sheridan that he had whipped the enemy at Fisher’s Hill & that we must push on this side of the mountains to Luray. We commenced march immediately & passed again through Front Royal to our old position at the crossroads where we stopped for the night at 2 o’clock a.m.
24th. Started at light. Reached Luray beautifully situated amongst the hills at 2 p.m. Had skirmishing with the enemy all the way. Captured 75 prisoners, marched on & crossed the Shenandoah again & camped at 7 p.m. Place called Amburgh at foot of the [Massanutten] mountain. The country through which we passed was most beautiful.
Map of the Shenandoah Valley
25th. Marched at 4 a.m. up through the gap in the mountains. The road was a fine pike all the way over to New Market where we arrived at 8 a.m. and found Gen. Sheridan and the Army just moving forward. Crossing the mountains was most beautiful—the scene on each side was splendid. We here found our supply train had arrived and gave our half famished horses some oats, had them shod, &c. I received letters from you & Carrie which were just in time. Ought to have written you then but was so tired & played out, could not do it. After resting three hours, started on. Our train left us then, going back to Harper’s Ferry. We marched to Harrisonburg & camped for the night with the infantry.
26th. Left Harrisonburg 6 a.m., passed through Mt. Crawford & Mt. Solon—very small places—and arrived at Staunton, a place of 6,000 inhabitants, at 6 p.m. with the Provost Guard, took possession of the town, and posted guards on all the stores and warehouses. We found stores filled with all kinds of goods the same as at the North, and government arehouses filled with tobacco, hard bread, tents, &c., and large numbers of saddles & horse equipments. The stores of the citizens we protected, but the government stores we destroyed, giving the tobacco to our men and what they did not want to the negroes.
27th. In Staunton, held possession of the town with Provost Guard to keep men from destroying property of citizens, &c. Marched at 3 p.m. to Waynesboro 12 miles distant, a place of 600 inhabitants. Reached there and in camp at 7 p.m.
Staunton, Virginia, as it looked just before the Civil War.
28th. At 5 p.m., were attacked on the other side of the town by a large force of cavalry who flanked us and drove us back in confusion back through Staunton, across Middle river where we arrived at 4 a.m., having marched all the night. I had a great many narrow escapes that night—shells exploded all around me. One came into the General’s staff and killed three horses that were not 10 feet from me. I had to carry an order down a certain road. The rebels had flanked us and had just got to the fence by which the road ran. They fired at me all the way down their whole line. I thought I was a dead man but got off without a scratch. Lt. Estabrook of the 1st N. H. Cavalry was severely wounded in the thigh—third time he had been hit. 1
29th. Marched at 7 a.m., passed through Bridgewater and arrived at Gen. Sheridan’s Headquarters at Harrisonburg at 4 p.m. near which we went into camp, We brought in 57 prisoners which I turned over to Provost Marshal of Gen. Sheridan.
30th. Nothing of importance going on. Glad of a day of rest. Slight rain in evening.
October 1st—Raining hard. Feel near sick from my hard privations of the past two weeks.
2nd. Paymaster arrived & paid me for the month of August. Never expected to find him so far away from Washington.
3rd. Sent $150 to be put in bank. Sent it by State Allotment Commissioner. Also $20 for Jolene’s schooling. Whatever more she requires she will please write me for.
4th. Capt. Meigs, son of Gen. Meigs at Washington, Engineer of Sheridan’s staff, was killed today by guerrillas. Probably some terrible retaliation will be given for that. I think every day this war is growing more & more dreadful. Hope I can get out in December if not before which I shall try to do. I forgot to mention that Capt. Bliss of my regiment was wounded and taken prisoner at Waynesboro. He was a good fellow & one I liked very much. Preston is kept constantly busy with his duties of his office. He has asked to be relieved as he does not like it, so probably will be before this reaches you.
The people of the town & through all the country we have passed are staunch Rebels, finding only occasionally a Union man & he calling himself so only while we are about him. If you take your map & look at the routes and country through which we passed, you can estimate the number of miles and know the long distance we have traveled. All our supplies have to be brought all the way from Harper’s Ferry by wagons which is 125 miles distant. The country being infested by Mosby, it requires a large escort so necessarily wearing out horses, men, wagons, &c. Have no idea how long we shall remain here. If we receive reinforcement, shall push forward and take Lynchburg. If not, shall be obliged to move back nearer our base of supplies for it will be impossible to keep an army here a great while.
I have your last letter now in my pocket & will now take it out and re-read it & see what if there is any questions to answer. It is dated the 18th of September. Your camp meeting held near Amos’s farm did not turn out very nicely I should think from what you wrote. We are expecting a train up tomorrow by which I hope to get letters from you & my sisters. Write me often as possible & I will do the same. With much love, I remain. Your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Capt., 1st R. I. Cavalry
1 Following Sheridan’s defeat of Early at the Battle of Fisher’s Hill (September 21 – 22, 1864) Union cavalry advanced through Harrisonburg, Staunton and into Waynesboro, destroying Confederate military supplies and rail lines as they went. (This was shortly before Sheridan gave orders to burn the valley.) Early’s command, reinforced by Kershaw’s Division, moved to halt the Federal raiding. The skirmish in Waynesboro occurred as Early advanced.
Letter 53
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry October 23rd 1864
My dear Mother,
Your letter of the 13th & 16th inst. was duly received. Probably those I have written since have reached you before this. On the morning of the 19th inst., we were attacked by the enemy on both flanks [see Battle of Cedar Creek]. It was such a surprise & they attacked us in such large force that the infantry got demoralized and stampeded, leaving their camps adn everything in them. I thought the skedaddle would equal Bull Run but Gen. Sheridan who had been to Washington came up just at the right moment & turned what seemed defeat into victory for we drove the Rebels back in great confusion, captured 1200 prisoners, 48 pieces of artillery, and many wagons, and encamped the same night in the camp we left in the morning. I lost one of my horses in the morning during the excitement. My Boy got frightened so let him go. During the skedaddle in the morning, we lost 24 pieces of artillery so by capturing the 48 pieces in the afternoon, we got back just as much again as we lost. I think we are about even on wagons for we lost a great many in the morning and I think recovered about as many as we lost. I had a number of very narrow escapes that day for we were constantly under a very heavy artillery fire & had quite a number of horses wounded but luckily the men escaped. Since then we have been laying in camp and nothing unusual has transpired.
Three men of my company were mustered out yesterday, their three years having transpired. I have ben very busily engaged the last few days making out my ordnance & quartermaster returns.
Preston is very busily engaged as Provost Marshal of the Cavalry Corps in Gen. Torbert’s staff. I aid him in every possible way though he seems not equal for that place. I am sorry to hear that George Farrington had lost an arm. You did not mention the circumstance & the cause & what battle he lost it.
I heard this evening some changes in the army would take place, probably Sheridan with the large portion of the Army go to the assistance of Grant. If he does, we shall have to fall back behind Winchester [and] perhaps resume the position we left before we came forward. Quite a number of officers have gone home on furloughs. I shall try for one next month & if not successful, shall resign for as the cold weather comes on & our living very poor, makes me think of the comforts of civil life more than ever. Major [William H.] Turner hopes to leave the service next month. Quartermaster Steere and Lt. [Lothrop B.] Shurtliff, Capt. Von and others expect to go soon so there will be hardly no one present with whom I would wish to remain with. I have been troubled greatly with rheumatism so the doctor thinks he can give me a certificate on that. I have not answered Lottie’s letter yet but will do it soon. With much love to all, I remain your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
I enclose $5 for Isa. I hope you received the $5 I sent in the letter before this.
Letter 54
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Sunday evening, October 30th 1864
My dear Mother,
I was sadly disappointed this evening to find that when the mail was opened, there was nothing for me for I have been looking for a letter for a number of days. The day has been very warm and pleasant. I have not had much to do besides cleaning up, &c. This afternoon I took a short ride to Middletown about two miles to the rear of our camp with Capt. Kinney of Gen. [William] Dwight’s staff—not a very pleasant place to visit as it has become much dilapidated on account of the war—the wealthier class having gone south and only the poorer class of citizens left. Maj. Farrington and I mess together and as we had quite an extraordinary dinner composed of chickens, fresh vegetables, &c., we invited Quartermaster Steere and Surgeon Wilbur to dine with us which passed off very pleasantly, the band playing, &c.
Gen. Torbert went to Washington on Monday to take charge of the captured property consisting of cannon, wagons, &c. taken from the enemy on the 19th inst. Major Turner & 20 men from our regiment went as escort as far as Martinsburg. Shall expect them back tomorrow. Two days ago while men from our regiment were out foraging for hay or corn fodder, they were attacked by a party of rebels, our regimental wagon and three men captured. One man from my company was amongst the number. He came into camp last night saying the rebs had let him go after robbing him of his coat, hat, pants & boots & money. The reason they did not wish to keep him was they would have so much difficulty in guard while taking him to Richmond!
A large number of rebel prisoners have passed through our hands the last month but in no way have I seen them maltreated or abused. I myself have divided my last rations with Confederate officers and to have them treat my men in that way makes me feel no ways pleasant toward them!
Our sutler went to Washington over three weeks ago. By him I sent to get me some shirts and a few other necessary articles but as he has not returned and we have heard nothing of him, I have most given him up as captured. I put my clerk to making out the payrolls for the last two months today so hope when we get them in to get out our pay in course of two or three weeks.
Probably you imagine how we keep warm out here this cool fall weather. Well, I will tell you. Before our tents we build a half circle of stone wall about three feet high & build our fires on the inner side of the circle towards the tent which holds and reflects the heat and makes our tents quite comfortable!
We do not expect another movement of the army will take place unless we are attacked until after election when we expect to go back near to Harper’s Ferry. We have given the rebels three of the best whippings they have received during the war and I don’t think they will much try to drive us from our present position unless it be to effect the election.
In my last letter to you I enclosed the last letter received from Chase. Also $5 for Isodore’s schooling. Lt. Robbins of the 1st N. H. Cavalry was down here yesterday. He stated that my old friend Capt. Rhodes who used to belong to the 2st Rhode Island had been home sick a long while and had tendreed his resignation on account of physical disability. That Capt. Vaughan of the 1st New Hampshire was a going to do the same thing, &c. There seems to be an unusually large number of officers who are determined to leave the service this winter. They say Capt. Thayer is trying hard to leave and I hope he will succeed between now adn the 14th of December. Don’t you? Preston’s time will be out just on that day mentioned above.
In your last you wrote of Albert Mason being very sick with yellow fever. I hope to hear by your next that he is at home and has entirely recovered. Do you expect he and Annie Gay will marry this winter? I traded my gold watch off two days ago with Dr. [Augustine] Mann of our regiment. I got a silver one and $100 difference. I was glad to get rid of it for I have seen times when I felt it was in a very safe position as well as its owner. We expect a wagon train up tomorrow. By that I hope to receive a letter from you. I send $5 to Isa. for schooling which makes $15 total I have sent in different letters. I hope she may have received it all. With much love to you all, I remain as ever your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer, Capt. 1st Rhode Island Cavalry
Letter 55
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry Kernstown, Virginia November 25, 1864
My dear Mother,
Your letter of the 13th inst. with one from Nancy & Lottie came to hand on the 23rd inst. on my return from a three days reconnoissance up the Valley. I will give you and extract from my diary for the time we were away. Left camp 7 o’clock a.m. on the 21st with four days returns & forage. The weather rainy & extremely unpleasant. Were admonished to make our rations & forage last as long as possible for it was uncertain the length of time we should be absent.
We had heard through scouts and deserters that the rebel army had left the Valley and we were sent up to see if that was the fact. We passed through all the intervening towns from here to Woodstock where we arrived at 7 p.m. The General took up his quarters in the hotel & the regiment placed in the yard of a burnt down church. Were about froze when we arrived from the frozen sleet which covered us. Was soon made comfortable by going into a house where two old widow ladies got me a good supper, &c. and gave me a good bed to sleep in. They were thoroughly Union. Had sons working in Washington. I gave them some coffee and sugar which pleased them. Woodstock was a very pretty place before the war of 1,000 inhabitants but now it looks very desolate—the up[town] part having been destroyed by fire by our soldiers when we retreated from Harrisonburg last month.
22nd—Marched at light, the weather very cold. It had snowed slightly during the night which made the mountains beautiful in the rising sun. We passed through Edinburg, Morristown, and another small place, reached Mount Jackson 11 a.m. While there heard sharp skirmishing in the front, marched about a mile further. When we came in plain sight of the enemy posted on Rude’s Hill—one of the strongest places in the Valley. I think it is deemed stronger than Fisher’s Hill at Strasburg. We skirmished with them & used our artillery but they displayed such a heavy infantry force that we soon drew off and fell back to Woodstock where we stopped the night. We brought away thirty of our wounded but many had to be left in the enemy’s hands on account of transportation. The weather was so cold that the men’s fingers became so numb it was hard work capping their pieces.
We left Woodstock at light on the morning otherwise 23rd and arrived back to camp about 3 p.m. I never felt better in the world about returning to camp for if we had remained out 8 days as was expected, men and animals would have suffered terribly. But as we found the enemy & found they had not left the Valley, we returned as the object of the expedition was accomplished.
Yesterday as [it was] Thanksgiving, everyone was supplied with turkeys, chickens, &c. for the kind citizens of Philadelphia supplied this army with its dinner. Commissary Pratt had a very fine dinner & invited Preston and myself. We had everything you could have at home I guess & cooked very nicely. I had two turkeys for my company. They cooked them with potatoes &c. and made very nice soups.
When I last wrote, Major Turner had not returned from Rhode Island. He came back on the 19th inst. and as his time had expired, he was mustered out of service. He expects to get married soon and go into business in Washington. I feel sorry to have him leave for I like him as well as anyone in the regiment. I am waiting anxiously for December to arrive to know what will then be done with the regiment. I hope to be able to leave the service soon. Would like to do so this minute if possible. Preston did not go with us on the expedition as he was quite unwell. Is now all right, having recovered. My saddler has just made me a new bridle and brought it in tonight. It looks very finely.
I hope you have passed Thanksgiving pleasantly. Should like to have been with you & hope to be next year. Write often for I look for letters by every mail with anxiety for there is nothing more pleasant to me than to receive letters from yourself. Will write Nancy & Lottie tomorrow. Your affectionate son, — C. H. Thayer
Letter 56
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry December 16th 1864
My dear Sister,
Your welcome letter of the 14th came to hand only a moment ago. I hasten to answer although I have little of importance or interest to communicate, having written Mother so recently. Probably you will have learned long before this reaches you that Preston is out of service & on his way home. He left three days ago. May be delayed a few days to settle his accounts &c. but it will be only a few days before he will be with you.
The day has been unpleasant—raining quite hard at intervals.
100 guns were fired this p.m. by order of Gen. Sheridan for Thomas’ victory is repulsing the rebels at Nashville. Probably Sherman is in Savannah before this time.
Capt. Rogers who has been on the staff of Gen. Merritt for the past four months returned this morning & took command of the regiment. Seventy-five of our men who have been out on picket two days returned this evening. Lieut. Blanchard whose term of three years expires tomorrow expects to be mustered out & go home. Although he took the 35 days furlough last spring but that does not hold him as he did not state his willingness to remain in the service three years longer in writing as I did.
Our men have built themselves good comfortable houses. Govt. has just issued us canvas coverings for our houses, something which we have not heretofore been supplied with. They are a great protection to the horses. We receive our mail every evening at 7 p.m. & send it away every morning at 7 o’clock. I should like very much to be in Franklin on Christmas to attend your festival, &c. but that is entirely out of the question for I see no chance of my leaving except a furlough & that a long ways in the future. Am surprised to hear Annie Gay is going south before she is married. Should think she would rather that important event take place while amongst her friends. Is Sweeney Hunt paying attention to the same young lady that he was a year ago? …. Much love for yourself and Arthur & believe me your affectionate brother, — C. H. Thayer
Letter 57
Camp 1st Rhode Island Cavalry December 28, 1864
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 17th and 20th inst. were received yesterday. Should have answered immediately but waited for the Brigade to return which started out on the raid against Gordonsville on the morning of the 19th inst. The regiment has just returned and a more worn out looking set of men & horses you could not imagine. They were absent 9 days. The objet of the raid was to capture Gordonsville but for its being reinforced by two divisions of infantry would have been captured. They had some hard skirmishing [and] captured two cannon. Many horses had to be left with their saddles & equipments becoming worn out, and many of the men that got dismounted were captured. Only one man of our regiment was lost & he belonged to my company. He was taken prisoner. Having a slight cold, I did not think it advisable to go out, so remained in camp.
I have forgotten to mention heretofore that your Congregationalists have always been received. The two last I found especially interesting.
Yesterday they were breaking up the hospital in Winchester and sending the sick and wounded to the rear. Expect we shall move back in a few days & take a position nearer Winchester where I hope we can settle down into winter quarters. It is hard on the men as they have made two sets of winter quarters this year thus far.
You have no idea how lonely I feel since Preston left and I was made to feel still lonelier by the muster out of Lt. Blanchard. Before going out on the raid, the Chaplain made application for leave of absence so as to be home and marry his daughter which was to have taken place Christmas but as the regiment was ordered out, he had to go.
I should have been pleased to have been with you Christmas & should have enjoyed the festival. It is so lond since I have seen anything of the kind. Am happy to hear Father has disposed of his trimming machine. I think he did well in selling after keeping it so long. I suppose Preston will have visited you before you receive this. Give my kindest regards and hope he will enjoy himself. Probably will be a long while before I get home.
I am happy to acknowledge letters from Isadora, Nancy, Emily, but not from Lottie who is still the delinquent. I suppose I had not ought to write Emily immediately. She made me wait so long for an answer but I will return good for evil & write to her tonight. My best love to all. Your affectionate son, — C. H. T.
Letter 58
Nashville, Tennessee April 7, 1865 Friday, 5 o’clock p.m.
My dear Mother,
I have been to the post office twice every day in hopes of getting a letter from home but as yet have been unsuccessful. I like my situation very well this far & hope I shall continue to. My boarding place is much better that I anticipated getting. We have lettuce, asparagus, and onions &c. which are just large enough to eat now. The trees are leafed out and everything looks finely.
Mr. Lincoln with whom I board returned from New York two days ago where he had been to settle his business with a new New York Banking ouse which failed and he lost 46 dollars by the operation. While coming in the New York Central Railroad, the cars ran off the track and some six or eight persons lost their lives. He had his left arm sprained so that he has been confined to the house since his return. What little I have seen of him, I should think he was a very fine man. He was originally from Vermont but married a southern woman.
Besides myself there boards here Mr. Maynard and wife. He does not belong to the Assembly as I wrote but is trying to go a U. S. Senator, a Mr. Breast and wife also board here. He does business in the city—hardware &c. I think. I have not seen today’s paper so know but little that is going on.
The news from the seat of war is very encouraging and I hope it will continue so until thre is not a rebel left in one of the seceeded states.
I suppose you work as hard as ever on straw and other ways & do not think anything I could say could prevent it. But I do wish you would work less and try to enjoy yourself more. I suppose Father is as busy as ever about his trimmins. I hope he will make money.
I have not heard from Preston yet but am in hopes to soon. You will have to excuse this letter for I know of nothing of interest to write—only that I am in good health. I want to hear from all the girls soon as possible as I have written them all a letter. With much love to you all, I remain as ever your affectionate son, — Charlie
Letter 59
Nashville, Tennessee April 10th 1865 Monday, 6 o’clock p.m.
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 1st inst. reached me two days ago. Should have answered yesterday had it not been so cold & stormy that it was too cold to sit in my room and write. There was a great change in the weather since last week for then it was extremely warm. It was so rainy that I did not get out to church yesterday but confined myself to the house reading Harper’s Magazine for a portion of the time. I was lonely enough I assure you.
I received a letter from Preston this morning. He was in good health and was going to Stevenson, Alabama for two or three days on business. They have organized their oil company and are selling their stock. His friend Col. Merrill is going to leave and will stop at Headquarters, Army of the Cumberland in this city. He will miss him greatly for they have messed together since Preston has been there.
The news of Lee’s surrender reached here this morning. It was very electrifying. I think we must soon look for peace although I suppose we have two more armies to crush—those of Johnston & Kirby Smith. The last one mentioned has a force of arms seventy thousand in Texas.
Mr. Tallicot, the treasury agent in whose employ I am, went to Cincinnati last week and has not returned yet. I have been kept very busy thus far but always during the first of the month have more to do than at any other time.
I am glad Mr. Hunt had so pleasant a reception in Franklin. I think they made him a very pretty pleasant. I am sorry to hear Julia Bacon’s health is so poor. I was in hopes the warm days of spring would help her. I can imagine you sitting near the stove working hard as you possibly can on straw and Iso. at one of the windows making trimming and Father in the kitchen cutting paper. I should like to look in upon you and stop awhile. But perhaps it is for the best that I should be away from home. But I hope one of these days if successful to have enough money to make you all comfortable and then settle in Franklin.
I hope before this reaches you to have received another letter from you and perhaps one from the girls…
I learned today that the recent heavy rain has caused a freshet and had swept away all the bridges of the railroad leading south from here. If it is so, the communication between me and Preston is cut off. I think Preston feels lonely being so long and far away from his family. I should have not commenced my letter on this large sheet had I known before I sat down that I had no other.
An old gentleman whose acquaintance I made soon after my arrival here has been sorely afflicted. At the breaking out of the war, he was forced to leave the city by the Vigilance Committee & sacrificed his property. His only son went into the rebel army & is now pay master in the rebel navy at Mobile. He hopes his son will soon be made a prisoner. He was formerly from Massachusetts, educated at Harvard College, and was superintendent of the public schools, Seminary, &c. before the war. He has commenced a suit against the members of that committee for $30,000 damages and will probably be successful.
Write to me often, Mother, and tell the girls to do the same and I shall answer immediately. With much love to you all. I remain your affectionate son, — Charlie
Letter 60
Treasury Department Office, Supervising Special Agent Nashville, [Tennessee] April 20th 1865 Thursday, 9 o’clock a.m.
My dear Mother,
Yours of the 13th inst. came to hand yesterday morning and most happily received as usual. Yesterday all business offices & stores were closed, the houses draped in mourning and everyone turned out to pay a tribute of respect to our lamented President. The Military, Fire Companies, and different secret orders with the Governor and Legislature marched through the streets in procession with a catafalque drawn by twelve horses. It was the handsomest parade & longest procession I ever witnessed. At the grave, Gov. Brownlow made a short address and a citizen of Nashville delivered a poem. 1
I did not participate. I waited in the office until the procession had passed, then went to my boarding place & passed the remainder of the day in reading. In the evening, played a few games of euchre with the family. We had a heavy rain storm last night. It cleared off warm and pleasant this morning. We have had a great amount of rain thus far this season.
I received a letter from my friend Capt. Rhodes two days ago. He has obtained a situation as bookkeeper in an office in New York. Gets three hundred dollars the first year. Boards with his relations in Brooklyn. He thinks it rather poor salary for a gay Dragon but as he is happy and has a prospect of doing better in future, he does not complain…
I took a walk up to the Capitol a day or two ago. It is situated in the highest elevation in the city. is a very fine structure built of marble. The view from it is magnificent. You can see to every part of the city. The city is surrounded by a succession of small hills, some of which are fortified. The Cumberland river flows through a small portion of the city. The freshness of vegetation, the fine trees, houses &c. in the distance make a fine picture in the distance.
Our office has been thronged with applicants for supply stores. If we had granted half of them, it would have kept us busy for the month, but this morning we have but a notice that no more application will be granted this month, probably those that have come from a distance will go back greatly disappointed and think this is really a very hard world to live in…
Yours affectionately, — Charlie
1 A celebration had been planned for April 15th 1865 in Nashville but it was cancelled upon word of President Lincoln’s assassination. “The dry goods stores were opened so that black crepe could be distributed to hang on the houses and commercial buildings. Those who did not join the observance were threatened with military orders to do so. Houses that were not decorated for mourning were confiscated by the army within days. Respectful mourning was expected. The potential consequence for not? In the days that followed, six or seven people who showed joy over Lincoln’s death were shot and killed where they stood.
On Wednesday April 19th, the day of Lincoln’s funeral, President Andrew Johnson declared a national day of mourning. In Nashville, as in many cities throughout the nation, all businesses were closed… At 10:00 a.m., citizens and freedmen gathered…to watch a solemn funeral procession, conducted in absentia, wind its way through the city. At the head, an elaborate catafalque built in three tiers covered with black fabric was drawn by twelve horses and followed by an estimated 50,000 people. The procession went out Harding Pike to an open field where a platform had been erected for the speakers. The crowd gathered at the platform just as a burst of “forked lightning” shot thru the sky followed by the “low rumbling sound of Heaven’s artillery.” [Nashville in the Dark Hours After President Lincoln’s Assassination.]
Letter 61
Nashville, Tennessee August 3rd 1865
My dear Mother,
I returned from my journey to Alabama yesterday p.m. and found your letters of the 9th, 17th, and 24th ulto. awaiting my arrival…
I left Nashville on the morning of the 12th ulto. for Decatur where I arrived during the p.m., met the late rebel General Roddy there who is now in Washington applying for pardon. I made his acquaintance.
Left there the following morning horseback with a six mule wagon containing forage and rations and an escort of seven men. We traveled through a sandy & poor country, crossed the Tuscaloosa range of mountains, almost inaccessible roads, crossing deep ravines and muddy creeks. We marched very slow, making only twenty miles a day. Camped generally at a farm home where I could obtain food and lodging for myself. The people were very inhospitable being afraid of Yankees. Thought we might commit depredation, stealing, &c. We passed through one forest of twenty miles in extent without passing a single house. Houses were generally four or fives miles apart. The people keep large packs of hounds to hunt with. The country is full of game consisting of deer, wolves, foxes, turkeys &c. We had all the peaches and melons we could eat. The first costing on 5 per day and the last from 10 to 20 each.
Reached Tuscaloosa on the 6th day out—very fine city of six thousand inhabitants. The Black Warrior River runs through it. That portion of the city on the north side is called Northport. The streets are very wide, have rows of trees on each side and in the middle. There is a large number of religious schools here. Also Methodist College, Military Academy [University of Alabama] said to be the nest in the South. Persons owning large plantations in the country live here. Have handsome residences.
Soon after my arrival I called on Capt. [Benjamin P.] Shuler, 9th Minnesota Vols., Post Commander. Also upon R. G. Knott, late rebel cotton agent. I found that he he had been re-appointed by the [ ] Agent at Mobile & had shipped a large portion of the cotton and as his arrangements were all made, I thought it best not to interfere & told him he might continue though my instructions from the Secretary of the Treasury were such that I could do as I pleased.
While there I stopped with Mr. Avery, 1 a gentleman from New York who has lived south for 15 years, probably quite wealthy. Carries on a foundry [the Leach & Avery Foundry] and hat manufactory. Has a very pleasant family. His wife is a very accomplished woman. She nursed a Mr. Clarke of the 1st Rhode Island Infantry taken prisoner at the Battle of Bull Run and died of consumption there in 1861. She had his clothing &c. I took a small package which I intend to give his family when I come North.
The people of Tuscaloosa are inveterate rebels—the worst place I was ever in. The ladies do not appear on the streets—they hate the Yankees so bad. There is only three Union families in the place. A family from Newport, Rhode Island, Mrs. Avery informed me were the strongest rebels in the place. Had a son killed in the rebel army.
The negroes here are the best dressed & most intelligent I ever met. The people tyrannize over them terribly, telling them they are not free, &. Four negroes was shot while I was there and the people say they will kill them all off soon as the Yankees leave. I think if the troops were withdrawn, there would be terrible work there for the negroes would rise up and massacre all the inhabitants.
I remained there four days, then left for Marion in an ambulance 47 miles distant. Reached there after two days traveling. Remained over night, took the cars at 6 a.m. for Demopolis, from there to Meridian, Mississippi, to Corinth, through Iuka, to Eastport where I remained three days. Then down the Tennessee river to Johnsonville, then home. I wish you could see me now. My face and arms being crimson and swollen from the effects of mosquito bites. During my absence Mr. Dilliin has been to Macon, Georgia. Thinks of returning Monday. Wants me to go with him. Will write again before starting. Probably I’ll have to remain South until the 1st of September when I hope to come home. All the clerks of the office except three have been discharged—viz, Kempson, Boylin and myself.
Preston says in his letter he tried to purchase Mr. Hunt’s house with oil stock. Contemptible isn’t it? I hope he will not try to scatter his oil fever any further for I think he is nearly cured of it…
I close in haste as I have to write Preston and a number of others. Much love to all. I remain as ever your affectionate son, — Charlie
1 Daniel Avery Humphry(1818 – 1866)and his family were residents of Tuscaloosa, Alabama from 1852 until 1868. Avery was the junior partner in the firm of Leach and Avery, an agricultural supply business involved primarily in the operation of a foundry for making plows. Before coming to Tuscaloosa, Avery had sold plows made in the family foundry in Louisville, Kentucky. Avery and his wife, Julia (m. 1948), were from upstate New York (Aurora and Albany, respectively) and during the Civil War they remained staunchly, if quietly, loyal to the Union. Federal troops under B. G. Croxton destroyed the facilities of Leach and Avery during the raid on Tuscaloosa (3-5 April 1865). The partners attempted to rebuild, but Avery died in December 1866 and his widow and sons soon returned to the north (1868), first to Providence, Rhode Island, and then to Geneva, New York.
Spared & Shared 23 