1862 Diary of Lewis W. Thompson, Co. H, 4th Ohio Vol. Cavalry

The following diary was kept in 1862 by Lewis W. Thompson (1839-1918), a bugler in Co. H, 4th Ohio Volunteer Cavalry (OVC). Lewis enlisted on 13 September1861 and was discharged from the service on 10 February 1863.

The company roster for Lewis states that he enlisted as a 21 year-old bugler and that he was capture and paroled on 18 October 1862 at the Battle of Lexington, Kentucky. He was discharged on 10 February 1863 by means of his enlistment in the Mounted Service, USA.

After the war, in 1880, Lewis was married to Velma Harvey.

[Note: This diary is in the private collection of Greg Herr and was made available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

A sample of Lewis’s handwriting

Transcription

February 1862

Sunday, February 9, 1862—I and a squad went down to Green River this afternoon. Had a fine time of it. It was quite cool.

10th—[Gen. Ormsby M.] Mitchell’s Brigade left Camp Jefferson about 6 o’clock and crossed Green river about one p.m. We encamped about a mile from the river.

11th—It was a pleasant day. I was orderly bugler this day…

12th—Our regiment was out scouting today. Our company was out on picket. We got marching orders.

13th—We left camp at daylight, come through Cave City at noon. We encamped about 18 miles from Green river in Barren county.

14th—We started at daylight and got at Bowling Green 11:30 a.m. Commenced shelling it at noon. Struck our tents on the rebel’s camp.

15th—We went into Bowling Green. I took my dinner in a hotel. We’re now in Hardee’s quarters.

Tintype of William Barnhart who served in Co. C, 4th OVC (Ohio Memory)

16th—Our company went out on picket about five miles from Bowling Green. It was a cold day.

17th—We come off picket at noon and in the afternoon went for some rebel horses. We got five.

18th—We come back from capturing some horses. I rode a rebel horse into Bowling Green. Got marching orders.

19th—It was raining all day and I was sleepy all day. We’re now encamped 15 miles from Bowling Green.

20th—I wasn’t doing anything today. We got marching orders.

21st—We took up our march at daylight. We came through Franklin about noon. Cross the line in p.m. into Tennessee. Cross through Mitchellville 2 p.m. First night in Tennessee.

22nd—We take up our march at daylight. It was raining all day. We marched all day in the rain. We stopped 9 miles from Nashville.

23rd—It was a pleasant day. I was sleeping very near all day. We’re encamped 9 miles from Nashville.

24th—We left our camp this afternoon and struck our tents. Two miles from Nashville. We was in [  field]

25th—It was a fine day. I wasn’t doing anything today. We got marching orders.

26th—We started from our camp of 8 a.m., crossed the river at dark into Nashville. There was a teamster drowned.

27th—We were very near all day in Nashville. This afternoon went 8 miles from town. The bugler of Co. E was shot in the side.

28th—I wasn’t doing anything today. This evening our company went on picket and I with them.

March 1862

Saturday, March 1, 1862—Our company was on picket till night. Part of our company was out scouting and captured several things.

2nd—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was raining in the afternoon and all night.

3rd—It was a fine day. I wasn’t doing anything.

“The First Union Dress Parade In Nashville.” Print showing the 51st Ohio Volunteer Regiment, led by Col. Stanly Mathews, on dress parade in Nashville, Tennessee, March 4, 1862.

4th—Our company was out a scouting. We captured a lot of clothing and some cattle.

5th—We was out drilling in the afternoon and in the forenoon we wasn’t doing anything.

6th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was all quiet in camp.

7th—Our company was on guard today. I wasn’t doing anything. Our pickets was drove in at night.

8th—We was out fighting this afternoon. 8 killed and wounded and two on our side wounded.

March 8, 1862 in Nashville, Tennessee – On March 8, a detachment of Confederate cavalry, commanded by Col. John H. Morgan, raided the suburbs of Nashville. There was not much damage done but this let the Union army know that the Confederate cavalry raiders were still active in the area.

9th—We was out scouting today all day. We caught two more prisoners. I am tired tonight.

10th—We was out scouting. Took two prisoners. Rode all over creation.

11th—Our company was on picket today and I was out bushwhacking in the night.

12th—I and captain and 14 men was out scouting. Capture a black horse.

13th—I wasn’t doing nothing till evening when we started to give Old Morgan a fight. We met Old Capt. Morgan & [___wood] and their escort which [ ] out of our fight.

14th—It was raining very near all day. Our pickets was drove in about 10 o’clock. We was called out in the night.

15th—Our company was on guard today. It was a raining very near all day.

16th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Company C brought in three of Morgan’s men this afternoon. All quiet in camp.

17th—I wasn’t doing anything today. I am sick and lay in my tent all day. I wrote a letter to Mills.

18th—We got marching orders. Started from camp Andrew Jackson about 9 a.m. Stop about 5 miles south of Lavergne. I was sick all day.

19th—We started at daylight this morning. It rained till noon. We got in Murfreesboro 8 o’clock in the night. I slept in a barn.

20th—We left our camp at Murfreesboro at 12 a.m. We’re now in camp and south of town on Stone river.

21st—I wasn’t doing anything today. I laid in my tent all day. I am not well.

22nd—I am [not] doing anything. I am not well. Our company went out scouting. I wrote a letter to Mills.

23rd—I was Orderly Bugler today. All was quiet in camp.

24th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was a fine day. Co. C brought in four of Morgan’s men.

25th—I wasn’t doing anything till about 6 o’clock. Then we started on a scout. We crossed the Cumberland Mountain at 11 o’clock at night.

26th—We started and come into Shelbyville at noon. Then started for Tullahoma. About 6 p.m. got into town.

27th—We left Tullahoma at one o’clock and stayed near Shelbyville that night. I was taken prisoner. Didn’t stay long.

28th—We left there about 8 a.m.. Got back from Shelbyville 6 m. when our company and Co. E was ordered back toward the town and crick.

29th—I was a fishing in the morning. I and six of our [company] went out scouting about 2 p.m. We raise a flag on the Court House.

30th—I was fishing in the forenoon and in the afternoon I wasn’t doing anything but sleeping. Very warm.

31st—I wasn’t doing anything. Only fishing till 8 o’clock. I went on picket. We look to be attacked.

April 1862

Tuesday, April 1, 1862—I am off picket this morning and in the afternoon made our quarters.

2nd—I wasn’t doing anything, only shushing some. It was a pleasant day. All was quiet in camp.

3rd—I wasn’t doing anything. All quiet in camp.

4th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Was fishing in the forenoon. Got scouting orders. Three days rations.

5th—We left camp 8 a.m. on a scouting expedition. Come into Tullahoma 2 p.m. Traveled on till midnight. Encamp 10 miles from Tullahoma.

6th—We started at 4 o’clock in the morning. Cross the Cumberland Creek in the afternoon. Capture a locomotive and take 22 prisoners.

7th—We started at daylight from the mill and feed about noon. Got back in camp at 5 o’clock p.m.

8th—I wasn’t doing nothing today. We got marching orders.

9th—We started from Camp Halleck at daylight. March to Fayetteville at 7 p.m. and cross Elk river and encamp there. Shelbyville to Fayetteville 25 [miles]

10th—We left Fayetteville about 11 a.m. and marched till 10 at night. Encamped in a clover field. We got in Alabama at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.

11th—We started before daylight. Got in Huntsville at sun up. Take 17 locomotive, 273 prisoners, and a lot of sugar. From Fayetteville to Huntsville 30 miles.

After destroying the buildings, the 4th OVC advanced to Huntsville, Alabama, where the command captured a train with seventeen locomotives, multiple railroad cars, and eight hundred enemy soldiers as passengers. The regiment next moved to the Alabama communities of Decatur and Athens, before returning to Huntsville.

12th—We started for Decatur and took possession of it. Capture a rebel camp and a lot of cotton.

13th—I wasn’t doing anything today, being sick all day.

14th—I started for Decatur this afternoon. Went on the cars. I could not stand to ride. I am sick.

15th—I am sick; hardly able to be out.

16th—I was sick; hardly able to be out.

17th—I am sick. Wasn’t doing anything all day. Quiet in camp. Was on the battle ground.

18th—I am some better but I wasn’t doing anything, It rained in the evening.

19th—I wasn’t doing anything. It was a raining all day.

20th—I spent Easter Sunday by laying in my tent all day. It was raining all day.

21st—We started from Decatur at daylight and arrive in Tuscumbia at night. It rained all day. From Decatur to Tuscumbia is 40 miles.

22nd—We was out scouting today. Drove in their pickets. Take one prisoner. Fine day.

23rd—We was out scouting today. Went some twelve miles from here. Didn’t see anything. Fine day. Got wounded.

24th—We went out scouting. Had a skirmish with the rebel cavalry. Retreated from Tuscumbia in the evening about six o’clock.

25th—We was on our retreat. Had a fight with the rebel cavalry. Had one wounded and four taken prisoner of our company.

26th—We left Cortland about 1 p.m. Got in Decatur at dark. Got a horse 2 miles on this side of Cortland.

27th—I was roving all over the country all day. Our company left about 5 p.m.. I was left behind.

28th—Started away from Tennessee river at 8 a.m. Got in camp about 5 p.m. Got a letter from Mills & wrote one back to him.

29th—I wasn’t doing anything today till 9 o’clock at night. We was ordered out on a scout. Travel till two in the morning.

30th—We started at daylight. Scout the country through. Got back in camp about 4 p.m.

May 1862

Thursday, May 1, 1862—We left camp at 1 p.m. March till night. Stay in a meadow three miles from Athens.

2nd—We got in Athens little after sun up, Follow the rebels till about 12 o’clock when we got on to them. Had a heavy fight with them.

In May 1862, the 4th helped defend Athens from a Confederate cavalry attack, driving the enemy soldiers from the town. The regiment’s division next advanced towards Chattanooga, Tennessee, with the 4th leading the advance. 

3rd—We stay all night two miles this side of our battle ground. Got in Athens about 11. Came on to Green River Creek. Traveled about thirty miles.

4th—We left Tennessee river creek about 7 a.m. and came along the railroad. Got in camp about 4 p.m. 25 miles.

5th—I wasn’t doing anything today. We caught about 100 prisoners today.

6th—I wrote a letter to Mills. I wasn’t doing anything. It is a fine day. All quiet in camp. They was firing salutes in the morning.

7th—I wasn’t doing [anything] this forenoon. This afternoon we made our camp in a pine grove.

8th—I was Orderly Bugler this day. All quiet in camp. Our company was down this evening to serenade Old Gen. Mitchell.

9th—I wasn’t doing anything today. We were ordered back to Athens. Started at 8 p.m.

10th—We got in Athens at 7 a.m. Wasn’t doing anything. There was a great excitement in town.

11th—I was scouring the country through, I and J. M. Darmond. It was a warm day. Was a man killed accidentally.

12th—I and two of our company was to Morrisville 15 miles from here. It was a warm day.

13th—Our brigade started from Athens 2 p.m. For at Elk River at sun down. Our company across the river at 2 p.m. Travel till two in the morning. One member of Co. K drowned.

14th—We stay 4 miles from the river last night. Gen. L______’s Brigade cross Elk River about 11 a.m. Came back in Athens at night.

15th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Warm day.

16th—We started from Athens 8 a.m. Got in camp 2 p.m.. Was a warm day.

17th—Wasn’t doing anything this day. Warm day. I got a letter from my stepfather. I wrote one back to him.

18th—Our regiment was ordered out. I was a raining near all day. We went to Winchester, Tennessee.

19th—I was Orderly Bugler this day. I wrote a letter to Lewis Mills.

20th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was a pleasant day.

21st—I was Orderly Bugler this day.

22nd—I wasn’t doing anything today. It is a warm day.

23rd—I wasn’t doing anything today. It rained in the evening.

24th—I wasn’t doing anything this day. It was a fine day. The regiment got back from Winchester.

25th—I wasn’t doing anything this day. It was a warm day. All quiet. Our regiment went up the mountains.

26th—Ten out of A Company went to Shelbyville with Gen. [Ormsby] Mitchell. Quite warm.

27th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Quite warm.

28th—I was orderly bugler today. Warm day.

29th—I wasn’t doing anything all day. Quiet in camp. I wrote two letters. One to Mill & Murphy.

30th—I wasn’t doing anything today. All quiet.

31st—I was orderly bugler this day. We got the news of Corinth being taken. The cannon fired 24 rounds.

June 1862

Sunday, June 1, 1862—I went over the mountains on a scouting expedition.

2nd—I got back into camp in the forenoon. Wrote a letter to John F. O’Neill.

3rd—I was orderly bugler today. Warm day.

4th—I wrote a letter to Mills. I wasn’t doing anything. Our regiment was ordered out. The boys was first onto. Killed 2 and 8 wounded. We was paid off. $65 was my pay.

5th—I was orderly bugler today. We buried [Corp.] George McConnell. He was killed at Point Rock on the 4th. [Editor’s note: The company roster only states that he “died 4 June 1862” without any further details.]

6th—I wasn’t doing anything. I was all over town in the afternoon. I wrote a letter to Augustus Coffman. Warm day.

7th—I was orderly bugler. Buried a member of Co. A shot accidentally. Warm day.

8th—I wasn’t doing anything today. We buried a member of Co. A. Died in the hospital.

9th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Only wrote a letter to Mills.

10th—I was orderly bugler. Quiet in camp. Warm day.

11th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was a warm day. One member of Co. I was killed and one of Co. F wounded in the head.

12th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It is a warm day.

13th—I was out scouting today. Took two bushwhackers and four shotguns. It was a warm day.

14th—I was orderly bugler. Warm day.

15th—I was not doing anything today. All quiet. Very warm.

16th—I was orderly bugler. Warm day.

17th—I ain’t doing nothing. Fine day.

18th—I wasn’t doing anything this day. Fine day.

19th—I wasn’t doing anything this day. Cool day.

20th—I was orderly bugler. All quiet. Very warm day.

21st—I wasn’t doing anything today. Very warm day.

22nd—I wasn’t doing anything today. Very warm. The boys got back from Chattanooga, They [were] fired into again.

23rd—I wasn’t doing anything today. Not very well. Warm day.

24th—I got a letter from Mills. I wrote one back to Mills and one to W. Crook. Rain in the afternoon.

25th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It was a warm day.

26th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Very warm. All quiet in camp.

27th—I was orderly bugler today. Warm day.

28th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Very warm. I was digging for some money this morning.

29th—I wasn’t doing anything this day. Very warm. I got a letter from A. Koffman this morning.

30th—I was at the 1st O. V. Seen some of the old boys. Warm day.

July 1862 [From this point on I will only transcribe entries with something significant]

2nd—I was orderly bugler today. One of the Co. G was killed and one wounded.

14th—I was orderly bugler this day. Gen. Rosecrans takes command in our Division in Mitchell’s place. Buell had three rebels shot. One of the 24 shot Buell in the [?]

15th—I wasn’t doing anything today. It rained in the afternoon and blowed hard. Blowed our tent down and several other tents. Very war, in the forenoon.

23rd—We left camp 5 o’clock. Crossed the river Tennessee at 8 a.m., got in Tuscumbia 2 p.m. Pass through Luka 4 p.m., got in Corinth 6 p.m. Got supper at the hotel.

24th—We was laying all day in Corinth. 16 of our company got a keg of ale. Had good deal of sport. very warm day.

25th—We left Corinth 9 a.m. Got in Luka at 11:15 a.m. They boys was fighting among themselves in the afternoon.

26th—We left Iuka 7 a.m. Got our horses at Eastport. Cross the river at 2 p.m. Stayed ten miles of Florence.

27th—We started at daylight. Got in Florence at 10 a.m. Left own at noon. I was at the 35th OVI. Saw some of the boys.

28th—We started at daylight. Cross Elk River at noon. Got into Athens at dark.

29th—We started from Athens at sun up. Got in camp 1 p.m. Had inspection of horses in the afternoon and got our horses in the evening.

August 1862

8th—We left camp 6 a.m. Got at Elk 11 a.m. We run four hours to Pulaski. Got in Pulaski after dark. Very warm.

9th—We left Pulaski 1:30 p.m. Had bad luck. Run two cars off the track. Broke two mens legs. We got in Nashville 2 o’clock at night.

11th—We stay all day in town [Nashville]. Got our horses in the evening. Good many of the boys was drunk.

12th—We started from Nashville at sun up. Got in Franklin at dark.

13th—We left Franklin 9 a.m. Stop 7 miles from town. Started 6 p.m. Travel nearly all night.

14th—We started at two a.m. Got on the [guerrillas?] 9 a.m. but left about five minutes before we got to them.

15th—We stay 7 miles this side of Centerville. Got in town sun up. We left town 10 a.m. and got in Williamsport 9 p.m.

16th—We left Williamsport at daylight. Got in Columbia 2 p.m. We stopped three miles this side of town.

17th—We left our camp this afternoon 3 p.m. Went till about 9 o’clock, then stop this side of Morrisville.

18th—We started 6 a.m. Got in Gordonsville 10 a.m. Caight 7 bushwhackers. Got plenty of whiskey. Start at 9 m. for Fayetteville.

19th—We got in Fayetteville 7 a.m. Started from there 11 a.m. Crossed the [state] line 3 p.m. Stayed all night ten miles from Fayetteville.

20th—We started 2 a.m. Got in camp 7 a.m. Moved our camp this day.

23rd—We moved our camp back to our old place this morning. Fixing all day. Was very warm.

24th—We had an inspection this morning. Got marching orders. Packed up and struck our tents but did not leave.

25th—We got marching orders but it was countermanded and pitch our tents again in the afternoon.

September 1862

In September 1862, the 4th joined the Army of the Ohio’s pursuit of Confederate General Braxton Bragg’s army, which had launched an invasion of Kentucky and was threatening Ohio’s southern border. Upon reaching Elizabethtown, Kentucky, officials ordered the regiment to Brownsville, Kentucky, where the organization escorted the Army of the Ohio’s supply train to the mouth of the Salt River. The 4th next advanced through the Kentucky communities of Shepherdstown, Frankfort, Harrodsburg, and Danville. At this final location, a detachment from the regiment accompanied a Union force towards Lexington, Kentucky. Confederate General John Hunt Morgan’s cavalry captured 250 men from the 4th on this expedition. The remainder of the regiment advanced, via Crab Orchard and Lebanon, to Nashville.

Monday, September 1, 1862—We started at daylight. got in Futsvile 4 p.m. Stayed on the other side of town.

2nd—We stayed 6 miles this side of Futsville [?]. Started from there at sun up. Stopped 1 mile from Shelbyville.

3rd—We started at sun up and stopped in our old camp two miles this side of Murfreesboro.

4th—We stayed all day. Got orders to march but was countermanded. I went to 35th Ohio [infantry] and stayed there all night.

5th—I left the 35th OVI little after sun up. Got in Laverne 2 p.m. Pass our old camp and stop 3 miles this side of Nashville.

6th—I wasn’t doing anything today. Haven’t heard any from my regiment yet. I was at the 35th OVI this evening.

7th—I wasn’t doing anything today. I am 3 miles this side of Nashville with Co. G.

10th–I was orderly bugler today. We left camp 8 p.m. Cross Cumberland 10 p.m. March till four in the morning.

11th—we started 11 a.m. and got at the Big Springs 5 p.m. Stay there all night. they had a fight here in the morning.

12th—We started 7 a.m. and got at Mitchellville at dark. Stay there all night.

13th—We was on picket last night. Started from Mitchellville 11 a.m. March till after dark. Stop 12 miles from Bowling Green [Kentucky].

14th—We started at day light and stop at Sinking Creek. Stayed there all night. Warm day.

15th—We stay all night 3 miles of Bowling Green. Left there 7 a.m. Run through town 10 a.m. Went in camp 1.5 miles this side of town.

16th—I was orderly bugler this day. We got marching orders. Started at sundown. March till 2:30 a.m next morning.

17th—We started 6:30 a.m. Got into rebel’s picket 8 a.m. Killed one & took one prisoner. It rained very hard in the evening. Camp 15 miles this side of Bowling Green.

18th—We started for Glasgow early in the morning. Got there 11:30 a.m. Took 800 prisoners and part of a wagon train with flour.

19th—We stayed all night six miles from Glasgow. Paroled our prisoners. Left in the afternoon. Went two miles and encamped there.

20th—We started from our camp 1 p.m. for Glasgow. Got there at sundown. Encamped at Cave City.

21st—We started at sun up, scouted all day. Got in Glasgow 5 p.m. Started after rebel train. Went near 20 miles. Got back in town at 9 at night.

22nd—We started from Glasgow at sun up. I was in the horse cave 10 a.m. Cross Green River after dark. In camp at Mumfordville.

23rd—We left Mumfordville 4 p.m. Got in our old camp Jefferson 8 p.m. Over now with Thas’ Division/

24th—We stared from Camp Jefferson at sun up. March hard all day. Come in Elizabethtown in camp 2 miles from town.

25th—We left early in the morning. Cross [ ] Creek 3 p., Got in Miller town 3 p.m. in camp on a creek for the night.

26th—We started at sun up and marched all day. Went in camp 20 miles from Bowling Green. Warm day.

27th—We started at sun up and got at Green River at slack water landing 10 a.m. Going to stay all day. Rained nearly all day.

28th—We started 7 a.m. and got at Brownsville sundown. Fine day. Meet our train at Brownsville.

29th—We was laying at the river all day. In the evening out company went on picket. Fine day.

30th—we started early in the morning and marched till dark. Stay 16 miles from Green river.

October 1862

Wednesday, October 1, 1862—We started at sun up. Got in Leitchfield [?]. Stayed all night two miles this side of town in field.

2nd—We started at sun up. March all day. Stop for the night 20 miles south of Salt River. It rained in the afternoon.

3rd—We started early in the morning. Got at West Point 5 p.m. Cross Sale River at night. Stop 1 mile this side of the river on the road.

4th—We started 6 a.m. Got in Shepherdsville 3 p.m. Went into camp this side of town. wrote a letter to Mills.

6th—We [left] Shepherdsville 6:30 a.m. March all day. Stay 4 miles from Taylorsville. March 3 a.m.

7th—We started early in the morning and got in Shelbyville, Kentucky, 5 p.m. We marched 25 miles. Very warm day.

8th—We left Shelbyville 10 a..m. Came through Clayville, Hardensville, and Bridgeport. Got at Frankfort after dark Had a hard fight with the rebels. Got in town after 12 o’clock.

9th—We was laying 1 mile of Frankfort all day. Pleasant day.

11th—We left for a scout. we came through Rough and Ready 10 a.m. Got in Lawrenceburg 3 p.m. Had a skirmish in the evening.

12th—We left Lawrenceburg 3 a.m. Got in Salvisa 9 a.m. Captured one cannon and 62 prisoners. Got back in Lawrenceburg 6 p.m.

13th—We got a lot more prisoners. We left Lawrenceburg 12 p.m. and got in Salvisa 5 p.m.. Fine day.

14th—We left Salvisa 9 a.m. Got in Harrodsburg 2 p.m. Stop all night half mile this side of Danville. Fine day.

15th—We went out scouting. Four companies of our regiment. Left Danville 7 a.m. came through Barbersville and got in Nicholasville 8 p.m.

16th—We was all day at Nicholasville. Was paroling prisoners.

17th—We left Nicholasville 7 a.m. Got in Lexington 2 p.m. Fine day.

18th—This is the day of misfortune. Was taken prisoner at daylight. Left town 5 p.m.

October 18, 1862 in Lexington, Kentucky – On October 18, Col. John H. Morgan and a force of Confederate raiders circled eastward and came to Lexington. They soon skirmished with a portion of the 3rd Ohio Cavalry before the Confederates captured the town. The Union garrison were composed of the 3rd and 4th Ohio Cavalry. 

The Confederates left before the end of the day. Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger gathered his cavalry force and pursued Morgan’s men.

19th—I started 4 miles this side of Lexington. Come through Georgetown at noon. Stopped at Dr. Bonnet’s all night.

20th—I started at daylight. Got an ask [?] team. Went some 23 miles. Stayed 3 miles from Williamstown all night.

21st—Started at daylight. Got at Williamstown. From there I went to Falmouth. Got home in the evening.

23rd—I am at home doing nothing.

24th—I am at home doing nothing.

1863: Godfrey Daniel Dotson to Hospital Stewards at Annapolis

The following letter was written by Godfrey D. Dotson (1827-1919) of Lawrence county, Kentucky, enquiring on the life of his son, Andrew Dotson, an exchanged prisoner in the hospital at Annapolis, Maryland. Unfortunately I cannot conform Godfrey Dotson’s residency in Lawrence county, nor do I find a son of his by the name of Andrew in on-line genealogical and census records. I cannot even find a military record or POW record for Andrew searching under the name Dotson and Dodson.

Transcription

State of Kentucky
Lawrence county
August 7, 1863

To the Stewards of the General Hospital of Annapolis, Md.

Dear sir I take my pen in hand to inform you that I have a son that was captured a prisoner on the 7th day of December last by John B. Floyd’s Brigade of Rebels and sent to Richmond, Virginia, and was swapped out by the Yankees party on the 4th of April last. My son was in the hospital at Maryland, Annapolis, on the 3rd day of May. That is the account we have heard of him to be sure.

We heard that he deceased at that place. We then heard that he did not so I want as a friend to make strict inquiry and write to me if you please and you will oblige a friend and distressed parents on the account of a lovely son. Also write to me where to mail my letters and what will satisfy you for your trouble and I will send you the money.

The name of the boy is Andrew Dotson. His age is 17. His complexion is reasonable fair, yellow hair, blue eyes, and raw bond. His form is tall & spare built. I will say, dear son, if you be on the stage of action and gets word from your parents, come without delay to Louisa, Kentucky, and then inquire for me.

Another line to the steward of hospital [and] that is to direct your letters to Lawrence county, Kentucky, Louisa Post Office. Write to me, let the case be as it may. So no more at present—only remaining your friend until death. From Godfrey D. Dotson

to the steward of the General Hospital of Maryland, Annapolis.

1864 Diary of Charles Thompson Boomer of Co. A, 7th Kansas Cavalry

This brief diary was written by Charles Thompson Boomer (1834-1871), the son of James M and Lucy Boomer of Charlton, Massachusetts. Boomer’s biography appears in Cutler’s History of Kansas, Brown county, page 20 as follows:

“Charles T. Boomer, was a member of Co. A, Seventh Kansas Cavalry, and enlisted in the summer of 1861 in Walnut Township, serving until the close of the war, sharing all the dangers and hardships of his regiment, and was discharged in the fall of 1865. He entered his company as a private and re-enlisted as a veteran, and rose to the rank of Sergeant. He was wounded twice while in the service, once severely, and his death, which occurred in April, 1871, was directly attributable to the exposure and hardships he endured while in the service. He was born in Worcester County, Mass., in October, 1834, and lived in his native State until his fifteenth year, when his parents removed to Kendall County, Ill., and where he resided until the spring of 1858, when he came to Kansas Territory, where he pre-empted a farm on which his brother now lives, and resided in the neighborhood until he entered the Union army. After his discharge he returned to his brother’s farm in Illinois, where he resided for three years, and then entered the employ of the American Bridge Company. He continued with this company about three years. And in 1870 returned to his farm in Kansas to improve it, and where he lived until his death, in 1871. He was favorably known far and wide to all the old settlers in the northern part of the State for his sterling worth and manly qualities.”

The regiment, under command of Lieutenant Colonel F. M. Malone, took an active part in the campaign in Missouri against the rebel General Price, during the fall of 1864, and participated in all the principal engagements. At Independence, Mo., the regiment charged against a superior force of the enemy, and succeeded in completely routing them and captured two pieces of artillery.

After the campaign against Price, the regiment was stationed by detachments in St. Louis District, where it was employed in fighting guerrillas until the 18th of July, 1865, when it was ordered to report at Omaha City, N. T., where it arrived on the 31st of the same month, and from thence marched to Fort Kearney. The regiment, however, had scarcely reached the latter station, when it received orders to return to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to be mustered out of service, where it arrived on the 14th of September, 1865, and on the 29th of the same month received its final discharge, after having served a term of three years and eleven months from the time of its organization until its final muster out of service.

In 2018, I transcribed four of Boomer’s letters to his family and published them here—1863-65: Charles Thompson Boomer to Family.

[Note: This diary is from the personal collection of Rob Morgan who made it available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

Transcription

Journal of Charles T. Boomer, Sergeant in Co. A, 7th Kansas V. V. Cav., during the pursuit of the rebel Gen. Price when on his raid in Missouri fall of 1864.

21 August 1864—Lagrange, Tennessee. Memphis was attacked today at 4 o’clock p.m. by a force of Forrest’s cavalry, apparently about 2500 strong.

August 23. The raid on Memphis proved to be a part of Forrest’s Cavalry as before stated, but only about 300 or 400 came up to the town. We lay in line of battle one night but it doesn’t look as though there was much danger. There was a detachment sent to Gen. Smith on the 21st who is supposed to be at Oxford. It is hoped that Grierson’s Cavalry will cut them [off] before they can join their main command. All is quiet here. It is a very pleasant day.

September 12th—End of our Southern Campaign. We leave Memphis at 8 p.m.

September 15th—Arrived at Cairo just before six this morning. We lay on a sandbar all day yesterday. I have gone through this summer without seeing an armed rebel or hardly hearing a bullet whistle. Co. A has lost one man killed and 4 wounded. Bill Adams killed, Jennings, McIntosh, G____ , Rice wounded. The regiment has done good fighting, has been engaged some five or six times at or below Ripley, Pontotoc from Pontotoc to Tupelo, from Tupelo north to Salem and three or four times from the Tallahatchie to Hurricane Creek and to Oxford or battle Graham.

September 16th—Left Memphis on the 13th inst., arrived at Cairo the 15th on the John Rains. We got aground on the bar just below Island No. 10. Lay there all day and were helped off by the Darling. Today we ran aground about five miles above Cape Girardeau. We all got off and marched about three miles. The water is four feet scant on the worst bars between Cairo and St. Louis. Co. A, C, G, and I are onboard. Camp Gamble, St. Louis, Mo.

September 20th—Expect to be paid off today. About half the regiment were paid yesterday.

September 27th—Camp near Paris on the Iron Mountain Railroad. Left St. Louis this morning. Are now out after Price.

September 29th—We are standing to horse. Our Col. Herrick from DeSoto is waiting for the infantry to leave by way of St. Louis. I don’t know whether Potosi is taken or not. We are to move soon toward St. Louis. We are brigaded with the 13th Missouri Cavalry. I suppose that Price is marching up through the middle of the state.

October 3rd—I am thirty years old today. Have been scouting the last week, the first time for a year. I stand it just middling. We have been down on the Iron Mountain Railroad as far as DeSoto, some fifty miles or so. Saw no rebs. Are now camped on the Merrimac 15 miles southwest of St. Louis. It is reported that old Price is running but we may see him yet. We are having a dreary rain.

Union, Franklin county, Mo. October 5th—Left Eureka yesterday in a rainstorm. Came through Franklin to this place. The weather is fine today. Price was here three days last week and he gutted the town most effectively. It is quite a place and is the county seat. Is about 10 miles from south of the Missouri river and the same distance from Washington on the Pacific Railroad. Price was about 30 miles towards Jefferson City. I don’t know when we will leave. The 13th Missouri Cavalry are here.

St. Clarksville, October 6th—Last night there came a report that 600 individuals in trains were coming in here and men, women, and children just left and started for Union. A messenger arrived there and we all saddled. We started for this place; Co. A, of course, in the advance. On the way we met the citizens and a more scared lot of mortals I never saw.

October 7th—Major [Charles H.] Gregory and Co. A & D staid till night and then we received orders to join the command on the Jefferson Road which we did after marching about 20 miles, about 11 p.m.

October 8th—Yesterday we only came about 15 miles. Had eggs for supper. We are on Price’s trail. It is a poor country between here and Union.

October 9th—It is Sunday. We are camped near the Gasconade but can’t find it. It is not as pretty a stream as the Merrimac. Mr. Smith is a few miles oil our rear. The weather is fine but cool.

October 10th—We left Jefferson yesterday. Met. Gen. [John B.] Sanborn at California Station and came on to this place. Last night we had a [hell] of a time. Four brigades are here. Price is supposed to be at Boonville. He drove our fellows a mile and a half yesterday. This is our 17th day from St. Louis. Camp in the brush between Sedalia and Lexington. We are doing nothing but waiting for something to turn up. This is the 23rd day out.

October 22nd—We are within from 10 to 15 miles of Independence on the Lexington road. Gen. Pleasanton in command. There are 2 or 3 divisions of cavalry along and three or four batteries. Firing has just commenced. The front has been engaged for nearly an hour. Independence. Afternoon. We came to this place. The 13th Missouri Vols. charged and took two brass field pieces and skirmished in going and yet this is the 26th day out. [Samuel] Curtis & [James G.] Blunt are at Kansas City fighting now.

October 24th—Near Santa Fe, Missouri. We didn’t make much off of Old Price yesterday but we got close shelling to horse. There was a heavy fight at the Big Blue yesterday. The 2nd Division, 16th Army Corps—Winslow’s—and at Westport by Blunt. Price had to burn 30 wagons.

October 25th—Near the Marais des Cygnes. We came within four miles of here last night. Came 40 miles or more. Blunt was in the advance. There has been another fight this morning at the river and I hear the 4th Iowa, 2nd Division, took two guns and 50 wagons. I have seen about 200 head of cattle. We are rather tired. Out of hard tack and sow belly. It rained a little this morning. Is cloudy yet but cooler. 29th day out.

The Battle of Mine Creek by Samuel J. Reader

October 26th—Near Fort Scott, Kansas. Yesterday was a glorious day. In the morning the two divisions crossed the Marais des Cygnes and took four pieces of artillery. Then when about 6 miles out, the divisions charged in three columns and took 9 pieces more making 15 in all. Then about noon we came to the Little Osage. We charged across in two columns and Co. A got in advance. Before it was over, we killed six and took one. Dead rebels were lying all around on the prairie (The 2nd took 3 [two] generals—Marmaduke, [William] Cabell, and Campbell.

About three p.m. We came up with them on a high prairie, formed in 4 lines of battle. We formed in two lines and as fast as we advanced, they fell back. We had not men enough to charge and our horses were too badly run down to go in, but we had some sharp fighting and our artillery did splendid execution. Just before dark, they moved off and we camped in line of battle though we had no fear of an attack.

Gen. [John] McNeil commanded the divisions all day but I believe Curtis and Pleasanton were up to see the fun. I don’t know our loss but it was slight. I suppose that we took 200 prisoners, perhaps more. Blunt is reported after them now. We are feeding at a farm about three miles from where we fought our last fight. Bob is willing to come and eat some beef liver. We must have come 35 miles yesterday, most of the way on a gallop. There were 30 wagons taken besides many more that were burnt by the rebs. It is raining a little but I don’t think it will rain much. We don’t grumble about poor generalship as we did a week ago. Artillery has been heard in the direction of Dry Wood several times this morning.

October 27th—It proved true. We are in column about 40 miles south of Fort Scott, still in pursuit. We have passed 113 wagons the last 3 days. They had nearly all been burned, but we whipped them up so hard that they hadn’t time to burn them all. Old Price is hard up but I am afraid he will get away. The weather is fine.

October 30th—In camp near the Mt. Vernon road en route for Rolla. Day before yesterday Jennison came up with Price at Newtonia and got pretty badly used up. The 15th and 16th Kansas broke but the 2nd Colored stood. We lost 20 killed and about 60 wounded. Then [John] Sanborn came up and turned affairs slightly. We were about 7 miles back. The next morning we were ordered to Springfield. I don’t think there is anyone after him (Price). For the last week we have had hard times but we have enjoyed it. The horses have stood it well but nearly gave out. They are doing well now. I hope that Steele will give him (Price) a call. We came through a rather barren country yesterday. Last night was the first night that we have had a good sleep.

October 31st—Springfield. we arrived here a 2 o’clock p.m. It is quite a pretty place. We expect to go back soon, but of course don’t know.

November 4th—On the road to Ft. Smith. We started yesterday in a snowstorm. It was one of the most disagreeable days of my soldiering but we got to a good camp 20 miles from Springfield. Plenty of corn for fodder, and rails for fire and we spent a comfortable night. It cleared off about 8 p.m. We are to stop here all day. I can’t see the object of this move but suppose the Gen. can. We had rather a rough time at Springfield. It rained or snowed all the time that we was there, three nights and two days. This country is poor enough.

November 8th—Camp near Cassville, Mo. we came the 6th and I have staid here ever since. Today is the Election and we have done all we could for Old Abe. We have voted and I think the Old 7th has given Little Mack nary a vote. This is a Godforsaken country—all hills and valleys. The valleys are pretty good but the hills are of no account. There is a great deal of stone here. The creeks sink in the ground and then come out again in large springs. After we voted, I went down to the creek and took a cold rinse.

November 13th—And then we started about noon for Rolla. We took the right hand road and left Springfield to the left about 15 miles. We are now about 70 miles from Rolla. (We have passed the Gasconade) We have passed through an awful country. One of the men said that it was so poor that a whippoorwill would have to carry a haversack.

But the little valley are middling good. This is the Ozark Mountain country but the hills are low—not near as lofty as the hills of Massachusetts. It was three years since the Little Blue Fight where I was first wounded on the 11th inst. I hope we will meet a train today for our rations are nearly out and the country is too poor to furnish them. I think 3 days will bring us into Rolla.

November 14th—Last night we camped on the Big Pine after marching 35 miles. That is the poorest country that we have passed through. I suppose we have marched about 20 miles today. The country has been a little better but poor enough. It looks like rain.

November 15th—Rolla. It didn’t rain much. We crossed the Little Piney. It ain’t much of a stream and no pines on it. We arrived at Rolla just at night and learned that Lincoln had been reelected.

November 17th—We have lain here two days. Have just got a chance to look at a paper. All appears to be right. We were just 50 days from St. Louis to Rolla.

Confederate POW writes to Union Soldier

The following letter was written by Thomas Benjamin Fargason (1831-1918) of Co. D, 14th Alabama Regiment. Thomas mustered into the regiment as a sergeant in August 1861 but was commissioned a lieutenant prior to the Battle of Gettysburg when he was taken prisoner on 2 or 3 July 1863. He was first taken to Fort McHenry, then Fort Delaware, and later to Johnson Island where he wrote this letter in late May 1864 after almost eleven months of confinement.

The date of Lt. Fargason’s capture at Gettysburg varies and the regimental history informs us that they were engaged on both 2 July and 3 July. They did participate in Picket’s charge on the 3rd but the more likely opportunity for capture seems to have been on the evening of 2 July when they joined in the attempt to break through the Union lines at Plum Run and suffered severe losses before falling back.

Prisoner of War (POW) letters generally make for dull reading since the content was screened by censors who made certain nothing sensitive was revealed in them. This, combined with the fact that they were limited in length to a single page to make it easier on censors to do their job, usually resulted in a letter that served little purpose but to inform recipients the prisoner was still alive. Correspondence between Confederate officers held at Johnson’s Island and southern-sympathizing citizens living in the North are occasionally found but it’s very unusual to find a letter written by a Confederate POW to a Union Soldier. Unfortunately the Union soldier is not named in the letter.

Thomas was the son of John Fargason (1800-1866) and Elizabeth Mason (1797-1879). He was married in 1857 to Laura Walker Duncan (1836-1900) and had a young daughter named Ella, born in September 1860. When he was enumerated in Tallapoosa county, Alabama, in 1860, as a 29 year-old farmer and the owner of two slaves (40 y.o. female and 12 y. o. male). Later in life, he appears to have become a minister.

[Note: This letter is from the private collection of Jonathan Peace and was made available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

Transcription

Johnson’s Island, Ohio
May 26th 1864

My dear friend,

Yours of the 19th has this day come to hand and I hasten to respond. I am truly sorry that you have to go into the field again, though I presume it is your choice. Since I wrote you last, I have received some articles of clothing from a friend in Boston, so I am not particularly needing any just now. You have my grateful thanks for your kind offers to add to my comfort. I hope I shall not be under the necessity of calling upon you, but should it become necessary, I will certainly do so. I hope that you will escape all harm and that you may be permitted to return home at the expiration of your term of enlistment to cheer your dear old Father in his declining age. Should you become engaged with our veteran and war-worn soldiers down in Virginia, stand up and fight like a man. Hold your ground as long as possible, but should the tide of battle turn against you and you are likely to be captured, then lose no time, but get to the rear as fast as possible. Do not be captured if you can possibly prevent it. Prison life is too bad—especially down South. I have a wife and one little girl. I am permitted to write and receive letters from them. My address is Mill Town, Alabama. Should you be so unfortunate as to be captured, write to my wife and no doubt she will do what she can for you. There is a Sutler’s establishment inside the prison and we can purchase almost any article necessary for our well being if we have money. Receive my thanks for the dollar and stamps. May God’s protecting care shield you from all harm.

Ever your true friend, — Thos. B. Fargason

1861: William Dunlap Simpson to Jane (Young) Simpson

The following letter was written by William Dunlap Simpson (1823-1890), the son of John Wells Simpson (1796-1881) and Elizabeth Satterwhite (1803-1824). William was married to Jane Elisabeth Young (1829-1902) in the mid 1840s.

Capt. William D. Simpson, while serving as aide to Gen. Milledge L. Bonham, 1861 (The Horse Soldier)

William was educated at South Carolina College (later the University of South Carolina), completing his studies in 1843, and spent one term at Harvard Law School. He practiced law in Laurens with his partner (and father-in-law) Henry Clinton Young. He served in the South Carolina legislature in the 1850s and early 1860s, but at the outbreak of the Civil War, Simpson volunteered to served as an aide to General Milledge L. Bonham from the siege of Fort Sumter till after 1st Bull Run. He then returned home and helped to raise the 14th South Carolina Infantry and was made its lieutenant-colonel in November of 1861. He commanded the regiment at 2nd Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam and Shepherdstown. He was also present for Fredericksburg but he resigned his commission when he was elected to represent South Carolina in the Confederate Congress, serving until the close of the war. He became Lieutenant Governor in 1876 and served until 1879 at which point he became Governor of South Carolina. He served in that office until 1880, when he was named to the South Carolina State Supreme Court. His tombstone reads “Elder in Presbyterian Church; Legislator; Soldier; Confederate Congressman; Governor; Chief Justice of SC.”

Transcription

Camp near Port Royal Ferry
[South Carolina Coast]
Late December 1861

My Dear Dear Wife,

This is Sunday night and Tatoo has just been sounded but I must write a short letter to my loved one at home before I take my cheerless lot—if for nothing more at least to let her know that the Yankees have not caught me and that I am not on my way to Fort Lafayette. We are still occupying our old position in sight of the enemy and nothing has occurred since the steamboat excursion. That adventure upon this post we have not been able to understand. They have not followed it up with any further demonstration. Perhaps the reception they met with at that time has persuaded them that they had better be more cautious in future.

I received your last letter last night and was glad to hear that all was quiet about home. I did not have any serious apprehension, but still I was more or less uneasy and was anxious to hear from home.

Maxcy Gregg led the 1st S. C. Regiment until mid-December 1861 when he was promoted to Brig. General.

There is now no probability of our Colonel being appointed Brig. Gen’l. Col. [Maxcy] Gregg has received the opportunity and will have the command of this Department. His command will embrace our regiment, Col Dunnovant’s [12th S. C.] Regiment & Col. Edwards’ and some few artillery companies. Although we are advanced near the ferry, I don’t think it is the understanding that we are to attempt to hold this place against an overwhelming force should they succeed in crossing, but in all probability we will have to fall back. In other words play the same game we did at Fairfax Court House. I don’t like this course of things. Enough troops ought to be raised to resist them coming on the main land and to drive them back at all hazards. Col. Gregg has not assumed command as yet. Will be here by 1 January. He is now in Columbia attending convention.

How are our boys turning out? How much do they weigh now? I wish I was at home to get some spare ribs and sausages. I would work for a box of some of them but there is so much difficulty in getting a box through to this point, it would cost more than it ought, and more than this, some of our men. Capt. Hammond has been home recently and brought us a supply, and Col. [Samuel] McGowan received from Mr. Mc. through a friend who was already coming here—a supply of sausages &c. &c. so we have been living pretty bountifully on such things. Our Christmas dinner consisted of a fine big turkey on large cheese of [  ], some well-cooked sausages, spare ribs, potatoes, rice, butter, and a wild duck. First rate, was it not? Don’t expect you had much better. We live well enough. This is the finest country for poultry I ever saw. Some of the prettiest ducks may be seen on every place. If I had a good opportunity, I would like to send you a coop of them.

When you write to the boys, do tell them I have not forgotten them. I do hope they may get back up in April. Tell them not to volunteer in Virginia, but to come home and then if they want to go again, they will have a chance to rise from a private. I would write to them but it seems I never have the time to write to anyone but you. Tell the children I am glad they have not forgotten Pa and that Christmas don’t seem like Christmas without I was there. My dear wife, good night. May I dream of thee tonight. — W. D. S.

To Mrs. W. D. Simpson, Laurens Court House, South Carolina

1863: Tattnall Paulding to Hiram Paulding

Tattnall Paulding in later life

The following letter was written by Capt. Tattnall Paulding (1840-1907) of the 3rd US Cavalry while in captivity at Libby Prison in Richmond, Virginia.

Paulding received his commission as a 2nd Lieutenant on 14 May 1861 and was appointed to the 3rd US Cavalry. He “quickly adjusted to cavalry life, and was mentioned favorably on several occasions by his superiors in the regiment over the winter. When the unit saw its first action at Williamsburg the following May, he was mentioned in his commander’s report for his coolness and gallantry in action. He was selected to lead the regiment’s detachment assigned to the Army of the Potomac’s provost guard under Brigadier General Marsena Patrick following the engagement.

“He continued to distinguish himself through the campaigns of 1862, Stoneman’s Raid and the battle of Brandy Station. During the Gettysburg Campaign, though only a lieutenant and now serving in the 6th US Cavalry, Paulding found himself commanding a squadron of men when they encountered elements of a Confederate brigade commanded by “Grumble” Jones. His men “fought dismounted from the protection of a fenced ridgeline. They blunted a charge by the 7th Virginia Cavalry with deadly fire from the muzzles of their .52 caliber carbines. Then, the 6th’s major ordered Paulding’s squadron to pursue the defeated foe. As they saddled up, the balance of Jones’ brigade came up, drew sabers and attacked. Unable to reach their horses in time, Paulding’s men were overrun by saber-swinging rebels. “My men were scattered through the field, and being pursued by the mounted foe were soon captured,” Paulding reported.” 1 Although a disastrous defeat for his outnumbered regiment, Paulding received a brevet promotion to captain for ‘gallant and meritorious service’ during the battle.

“Following the battle of Fairfield, he was reported by Lieutenant Nicholas Nolan as ‘missing, and supposed to be in the hands of the enemy.’ This was quickly confirmed, and Paulding spent the next nine months confined in Libby Prison. He was a prolific correspondent with his family during his internment, and these letters are very good primary source accounts of both the battle of Fairfield and life in Libby Prison.

“August 1864 was a good month for Paulding. Not only was he finally released from Libby Prison, but he was also promoted to captain in the 6th U.S. Cavalry on August 20th. Upon his release, Captain Paulding was assigned to operate the Mounted Recruiting Service station in New York City. Although the station notionally recruited for the army as a whole, the overwhelming majority of these men were sent to bolster the dwindling number of veterans in the ranks of the regular cavalry regiments of the Army of the Potomac. Captain Paulding received brevet promotions to major and lieutenant colonel on November 11, 1865 for meritorious services during the war. He relinquished command of the recruiting station when he resigned his commission on July 1, 1866.” [Source: Regular Cavalry in the Civil War]

Tattnall was the son of Rear Admiral Hiram Paulding (1797-1878) and Ann Marie Kellogg (1807-1894). He wrote the letter to his younger brother, Hiram Paulding, Jr. (1846-1924).

[Note: This letter is from the collection of Sal Terregino and was made available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

Transcription

Addressed to Hiram Paulding, Esq. Jr., Care of Admiral Paulding, Navy Yard, New York

Libby Prison
November 28th 1863

My dear brother,

Yours of 13th inst. came to me yesterday bringing the latest news I have received from home and I need not tell you that it was a welcome visitor. With it came Becca’s of 12th and Father’s of the 7th. Although a letter sent and received as is necessary for one in my position is all that we usually look for, it cheers a dreary prison life, when it comes from those we love, and brings tidings of their health and welfare. I congratulate you upon your promotion of which Father told me some time ago. I think that by this time you are quite a man of business. Your writing shows practice and if I may compliment you, improvement. I hear too that you are studying Spanish. My letter would be in that lingo if consistent with the prison rules. I studied for some time & made considerable improvement but our teacher became ill and the class was broken up. Time often hangs heavily but by keeping employed in one way and another, nearly five months of captivity have passed, cheered by hope of better days. Thanksgiving day was like other days with a rice pudding being the principal feature. A box has just come for B. F. Mead which I will try to push forward to him. Please send me the Cavalry Tactics (double back formation), Shakespeare (cheap edition) and a welcome & especially so now as we can send surplus to our enlisted me. 200 of my men are here yet. I am very well. Exchange is again below par. With love to all, your affectionate brother, — T. Paulding

[to] H. Paulding, Esq. Jr.
Navy Yard, New York

I have just received the box shipped 16th with no letter. The letter & papers & some baking powder are desirable parts of the box. The cans are fine & I will grow fat and defy scurvy.


1 Three Days in July: Faces of Union and Confederate Soldiers at the Battle of Gettysburg, Edited by Charles Joyce, Military Images Digital, June 8, 2020

1865: William Clark to Sarah E. Clark

William and his sister Sarah (“Sallie”) Clark of Londonderry, New Hampshire

The following letter was written by William Clark (1844-1916), the son of Reed and Elizabeth (Perkins) Clark “After attending public schools, prepared for college at Pinkerton Academy,” William instead “enlisted 3 September 1864 as a private in Co. D, 1st New Hampshire Heavy Artillery” and was immediately promoted to corporal. The regiment was assigned to the defense of Washington D. C.

William was posted in Washington D. C. on the night of 14 April 1865, five days after the surrender of Lee to Grant at Appomattox, when President Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth in Washington’s Ford Theater. Lincoln, of course, died early in the morning of April 15 and it was soon learned that his assassination was part of a larger plot to murder multiple key Union government officials. The assassination unleashed a torrent of mourning, anger, and retribution that was felt for years to come. After escaping from Washington, Booth was eventually cornered and killed in Virginia on 26 April, following a massive dragnet for him and his co-conspirators.

William wrote this letter on April 17th, two days after Lincoln’s death, to his sister in New Hampshire. It conveys a sense of the excitement that followed the assassination, but ends with a comment illustrating the joyous rebirth of Spring that managed to blossom in the midst of the madness, reminding us that life goes on.

Map showing location of Battery Cameron west of Georgetown overlooking the Potomac. Now the location of the German Embassy.

[Note: This letter is from the personal collection of Richard Weiner and was transcribed and published on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

Transcription

Addressed to Miss Sarah E. Clark, Derry, New Hampshire. As stated in the letter, this envelope once contained apple blossoms that are no longer present, but the fragrance lingers still.

Battery Cameron
District of Columbia
April 17th, 1865 

Dear Sister Sarah, 

I have not heard from home for nearly a week, nor received a letter or paper from anyone, but I thought I would write and let you know how we are situated. Our boys are all in picket except barely enough to guard the batteries. I am lucky enough not to be on quarter guard every other day, while the picket is not relieved at all. The picket posts are about 25 feet apart and extend around the city a distance of 145 miles. The authorities are searching all places of retreat within the lines. A great many are arrested. A man was caught by our boys last night while trying to pass the picket line on his hands and knees. He was armed with two revolvers heavily loaded. He was coming in. The guerrillas fired into the canal boat above Fort Sumner yesterday.

You cannot even imagine the state of affairs. Persons that are secession at heart have dressed their houses in mourning and people dare talk nothing but Union sentiments for fear of their lives. Several have been shot already for saying that they were glad that Lincoln was dead. I hear that Lincoln is to be buried Wednesday. I want to go to into the city but can’t go till Thursday—if I can then. We have an approved pass from Col. Long to get into the City with. There are so many guards now that a cat could scarcely pass them. I would send you a Washington paper if I could get one, but I cannot.

The boys that have been into the City say that every building on the street is draped in mourning. The Light Artillery was just in season to prevent the mob from breaking into the old Capitol Prison and murdering Gen. Lee’s son [who] is confined there. And Gen. Early is at Williard’s [Hotel] under guard, so I hear, but you must take that for what it is worth. I have just seen a column of cavalry come from Virginia across the river. I should think that there were two or more regiments of them. The New Hampshire cavalry is only 7 or 8 miles from here doing picket duty. 

The mail has just come in and I must stop writing till I see if I got a letter. No letter for me so I shall not hear from you until tomorrow at least. Can’t you or Marianna write about Wednesday so that I may have about Saturday or Sunday. I am almost sure of a letter from you on Wednesday. I get the letters you write on Sundays on Wednesday. Is Carrie Parsons at home? And Kate Dinsmore? I would write to them but am afraid to for I am so nervous that I cannot write a very plain hand. It is unnecessary to inform you that I am on guard for that is all the time I have to write. It takes me all the time that I am off guard to clean my gun and equipments. Please write soon. My very best to all. Tell them I am well. 

Your affectionate brother, — William Clark.

I never have the good luck to back (fold) a letter any other way then wrong side up, W.C.

Here are some apple blossoms; the orchards are in full bloom.

“At least sympathize with me in my grief,” Joseph Wyckoff to Abraham Lincoln

This amazing handwritten letter to President Abraham Lincoln was penned by a distraught father, Joseph Wyckoff (1805-1886), who lost his son as a result of confinement at Andersonville where he was starved to death. The letter was dated 12 April 1865—just three days after Appomattox and two days before Lincoln’s assassination. In his letter, Wyckoff pours out his grief to Lincoln, whom he admits he did not vote for, and, though he asks for the chance to judge those who caused his son’s death, we learn that what he really wants is a chance to vent some anger at—and gain some sympathy from—the Lincoln Administration.

Joseph’s son, Alexander Baldridge Wyckoff (1841-1865), was 21 when he enlisted 4 August 1862 at Varick, New York, as a Private. He was mustered into Co. C, 126th New York Infantry.  On 15 September 1862, just a month after enlisting and before they had hardly been equipped and drilled, Alexander and other members of his regiment were surrendered to Stonewall Jackson’s men at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, during the Antietam campaign, earning them, through no fault of their own, the unfair sobriquet “Harpers Ferry Cowards.” After their release from a parole camp in Chicago, the regiment worked hard to gain back their reputation, especially at Gettysburg where they sustained 57% casualties in capturing five stands of colors. Alexander was wounded on 10 May 1864 at Po River, Virginia, and on 25 August 1864 he was again captured, this time at Reams’ Station, Virginia. He was sent to Andersonville prison in Georgia, from which he was eventually paroled but died on 2 April 1865 at Baltimore, MD, according to his father, from illness sustained during his imprisonment.

From the timing, it is unlikely that the letter ever got to Lincoln, but rather was processed by the President’s staff in the days following the assassination. The letter does, however, appear to have been read by the Secretary of War, Stanton, who Wyckoff, in his letter, implies might have been soft on corruption, though facts do not bear this out. Docketing at the end of the letter reads “W1043 April/65”  (the President’s staff may have recorded correspondence alphabetically according to the last name of the writer). The letter also comes with a folded piece of ledger paper that reads “Romulusville, NY/ April 12, 1865/ Joseph Wyckoff/ Writes with regard to his son, Alex. B. Wyckoff late of Co. C. 126 NY Vol. Held as a Prisoner of War at Andersonville, Ga and offers his services as judge, etc.”  On the back of the ledger paper it reads “Respectfully referred to the Commissioner for the Exchange of Prisoners By order of the Secy of War, War Dept. April 21/65 – L[ewis] H Pelouze/A.A.G.” 

[Note: This letter is from the private collection of Richard Weiner and was made available for transcription and publication on Spared & Shared by express consent.]

Transcription

State of New York
County of Seneca, Romulusville
April 12th 1865

To Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States,

Dear Sir, I feel sore just now. I can’t help but express my feelings to you. I buried my son Alexander B. Wyckoff (9th inst). He was a member of Co. C ,126 Regt. U. S. Volunteers from the State of New York. The day before he enlisted, at night, he said, Father, what shall I do? I hate to be drafted. I said, Alexander, you are of full age (he was 21 years old in March before). That was under the call for 500,000 men. Our country is good for nothing so, should you go and help save it and live through it, you according to the course of nature will enjoy it longer than me. Should you fall, what is your blood worth more than thousands of others. Could I of got there I would have been there six months before now. That is just what I told him.

Now I wish to say at the time I told him this about six months before I addressed a letter to the Secretary of War. I there gave him my military experience (which was about 12 years) and said, have you any place in any of your camps of instruction, in any of your hospitals, where I can make a man? I am at your service. I also gave him my age which is now 59 last Sept. I could then of took charge of a Company or Regiment as well as many others that never drew a sword but he by silent consent passed by – by a silent nothing. Well, what is the consequence? We are taxed here to pay millions of dollars for some contemptible rouges that was well recommended which he nor you knew nothing of—only the recommend[ation] that accompanied their application.

Now my boy enlisted in the service, t’will be 3 years next August. He was captured in August last 25th. He was starved to death at Andersonville but he got a parole and died at Baltimore, April 2nd instant. His Mother was with him when he died. Now, could I of stooped so low as to ask for any position during the war, I know I could of got all the principle men in our county to of signed a recommend[ation] for me as a suitable person for the position—tis no matter what [position]. But I could not—I would not—and neither would I [even if it] was it to gain the Chief Justiceship of the U. S. But I now say one thing to you, if I had the Judgeship to investigate and try those who starved those poor prisoners to death, if found guilty by evidence, I would hang every soul of them. But to stoop so low as to ask any man or any set of men to recommend me, I will never do it. But I say cursed be the man, or any set of men, that will not hang every soul that had anything to do with starving thousands of our poor boys as they have been.

Now I say further, I ask for nothing myself, but should you want anyone from the little Copperhead County of Seneca to judge those rebels, call on me. I am at your service. But I will not ask no soul to recommend me. I do all on my own hooks. I have been Justice of the Peace here for about 12 years past, am now elected for 4 years more, from 1st of Jan next. I am the oldest voter in the town—born here—everybody knows me in the county that has lived here anytime. Call upon who you please. I only wish to try those who starved the poor boys to death. My boy lived to the day the last decisive battle was fought to decide this cursed rebellion, but the poor boy was unconscious at the time, or he—like me, would of said, Amen.

Now, what I want and ask of you is to answer me and at least sympathize with me in my grief and not say I am a poor cur not worthy of notice as Secretary Stanton did when I tried, through him, to get some place where he has placed thousands of dishonest creatures which cost the laboring class of the country millions of dollars needlessly on account of dishonesty, for you know and I know that this war has cost us many millions more than it ought to if everyone had of been honest. Now I am a humble farmer here. I helped to clear the soil of heavy timber for a mile south of where I now live & over half of my own farm which is about 164 acres in the heart of Seneca County & about the center of our state.

Now, Abraham, I wish to say to you, I have voted against you both times because I supported the other ticket, but there is not a man in the U. S. that have did more according to my means to uphold the President than me because you was elected agreeable to the constitution of the U. S. Now, call me what you please, do with me as you please, but if you have any sympathy for a bereaved Father, I beg of you answer me. I can then say I have a letter from the President of the U. S. I can say no more. I have only wrote you my feelings and do not curse me for it.

Respectfully yours, — Joseph Wyckoff

1865 Diary of James George Porteous, Surgeon of 46th New York Veteran Volunteers

The following diary was kept by James George Porteous (1839-1893), the oldest son of Andrew Halliday Porteous (181201884) and Jame B. Williamson (1814-1902) of Luzerne, Warren county, New York. James received his medical training at Harvard, graduating in 1862, and immediately offered his services as an assistant surgeon in the 118th New York Infantry, mustering in on 10 September 1862. on 12 November 1864 he was promoted to surgeon of the 46th New York Infantry and served with that regiment until mustering out on July 1865.

Porteous’ diary is for the year 1865 while serving in the 46th New York Infantry, a regiment recruited and organized in New York City and composed mostly of Germans.

A biographical sketch of Porteous states that “he greatly distinguished himself by his bravery and coolness in action, making it his invariable practice to accompany the command wherever it went, nobly sharing in its dangers and privations on the march and under fire. He was in many of the Battle and campaigns of the Army of the Potomac, and served throughout with the Army of the James, being especially conspicuous at South Anna, siege of Suffolk, City Point, Drury’s Bluff, Cold Harbor, Second Fair Oaks, Chapin’s Farm, Fort Harrison, Petersburg and Five Forks. He was known in the army as the “Fighting Surgeon” and his bravery on the occasion of Fort Harrison….” won him praise from Gen. Butler. “After the close of the James river campaign, Porteous was promoted to Surgeon and transferred to the 46th Regiment N. Y. Volunteers with which he remained until the close of the war.” [Source: Biographical Sketches of the State Officers and Members of the Legislature, New York State, p. 277]

After he returned to New York, he settled in Luzerne and practiced medicine. He was married to Sarah Frances (“Fanny”) Wilbur (1840-1911 on 21 September 1865, a date he recorded in this diary.

Transcription

January 1865

1—The beginning of a New Year is the time for good resolutions—those proving stories of the infernal regions, but I shall only make one at present—to try and keep my diary a little more full than the last. It is a splendid day but I am too sick to enjoy it.

2—Still too unwell to go out but rather better. The Asst. Surgeon of the 3rd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery called in the evening. Received a letter from M. D. Rand.

3—Another birthday, making me 26 years old. My health has improved so much that I have been along the line. The Headquarters received 10 days furlough this morning. Snowing hard tonight.

4—Clear & cold. About one and a half inches of snow fell during the night. Received and answered a letter from home. Received Express receipt for two boxes liquor sent from New York. Health about the same as yesterday.

5—Clear but warmer. Some snow left yet. Received and answered a letter from home. Lieut. Baily called this morning. A new officer joined the regiment today. He formerly belonged to the 103rd New York.

6—Wet, disagreeable weather. No letters. The mail is very infrequent now and our quarters are so far from the troops that it is quite difficult to get papers. Lieutenants [Otto] Laddey and [Heinrich] Dreyer were here last night.

7—Pleasant except a little too much wind. Went over part of the line to see a few sick men. Received The Atlantic today from F. W. but no letter. Shall write again on the 10th if I do not receive one sooner.

8—Bright sunny day. Quite windy. Received and answered letters from Miss E. Hamlin & F. Wilbur. It has been very quiet along the line today. It is reported that we are to open on Petersburg with all our batteries next Thursday.

9—Warm and bright. Went over to Capt. [Patrick K.] Delaney’s [118th NY] near Aiken’s [Landing]. Remain to dinner with him and Mrs.  Called at Mrs. Myers on my way back. Received letters from home and from Miss McFitch & F. W.

10—Heavy thunder storm but clear this evening. Reading Shakespeare nearly all day. This evening Lieutenants [Ernst] Gerhardt & [Heinrich] Dreyer have been in my quarters a couple of hours.

11—Clear and warm. Received a letter from H. Northrup. Wrote to him and F. W. Sent to Dr. Hogan to enquire about leave of absence but am told to wait. Took a ride this afternoon with Adjutant [Ernst] Gerhardt

12—Clear and warm. Received a letter from home. In the afternoon rode up to Lieut. [James D.] Bailey’s and afterward to [Otto] Laddey’s in Ft. Mansfield. Lieut. [Heinrich] Dreyer called this evening.

13—The finest day we have had this winter. Rode out in the morning. Called on Miss Myers. The time seems very long with nothing to do and no chance to study.

14—Cloudy in the morning but clear and cold afternoon. Made another application for a leave of absence but hardly expect it to be successful. Col. [Adolphus] Becker is over his time on leave.

15—Fine warm day. Am still suffering with diarrhea. Remained in my tent all day. A couple of the Brigade staff called this afternoon but did to stop long.

16—Clear and warm. Dr. Hogan, Medical Director of the Division, called this afternoon with Capt. Brown. He does not talk as if there were much chance for me to go NNNorth. Received a letter from Col. [George F.] Nichols [of the 118th N. Y.].

17—Clear and warm. Went up to Lieut. [James D.] Bailey’s and from there to Division Headquarters and then with Dr. Hogan to the field hospital. My application for leave was approved at Division Headquarters.

18—Cloudy but warm. Received and answered letters from home and from F. W.  Dr. [Gustav] Ohnesorg was here to dinner. Remained in camp all day.

19—Cloudy and cold. This morning received a leave of absence for twenty days. Intend to start for the North tomorrow. Went to Ft. Mansfield this afternoon.

20—Start for home, Miss the train to City Point and ride down on horseback. Met Dr. Wright of the 1st New York going to New York. Took the Baltimore boat at five p.m. Dr. Wright is out of money and I pay his fare to New York.

21—So much ice that we just managed to get the one o’clock train. Reached New York at 12 midnight. Dr. Wright stayed with me at the Astor House. I cannot go on till 5 p.m. tomorrow.

22—Called at Helds’ Hotel to see Col. [Adolphus] Becker but he had gone out. Stayed in the house most of the day. At half past four took the cars at 27th Street for Boston.

23—Arrived at Boston at 3 a.m. Stopped at the Revere House. Called on F. W. at 2 p.m. and spent the afternoon and evening with her.

24—Forenoon had some photographs taken. Afternoon went with F. W. to Brighton sleigh riding. Spent the evening with her.

Harriet Goodhue Hosmer (American, 1830–1908), Zenobia in Chains, 1859. Marble, 49 inches high (88 inches with pedestal). 

25—Morning called on G. [Walter] Babb. Afternoon went to the Natural History Rooms to see Miss Hosmer’s Zenobia with F. W. Spent the evening with her. Proposed and accepted.

26—A.M. called on Rand with Mrs. Dix. Afternoon and evening with F. W. Last evening called on E. Babb and Mrs. Hay.

27—Took the 7:30 a.m. train for Ft. Edward but missed the connection at Rutland where I have to stay tonight at the Central House.

28—Took the 5:30 train. Arrived at Glens Falls at 9 a.m. Home at 12 noon. Found everything about as before I went away.

29—Stayed at home all day. The weather is clear and cold with plenty of snow.

30—Went to Little Falls. Saw a good many that I use to know but hardly any of them recognized me. I prefer the army to Luzerne.

31—Clear and cold. Stayed at home nearly all day. Evening at Joseph Ferguson’s, Met Miss Morgan.

February 1865

1—At home nearly all day. Time begins to drag. Hardly know what I would do if out of the service entirely.

2—At home. Expect to leave in the morning. Shall probably go by way of Boston.

3—Up at 4 a.m. and off again. Went to the landing with Ors. Randal. Stage to Saratoga. Took the evening train to Rutland.

4—Missed the morning express to Boston. Took the accommodations but did not connect at Bellow’s Falls and have to wait till 2:18 train. Left Bellow’s Falls at 5 p.m.

5—Arrived at Boston about 2 a.m. Stopped at the Revere House. Called on Fannie at 9 a.m. and spent the day and evening with her. Did not go to church.

6—Morning at the hotel. At 11 called on Fannie. Spent the afternoon with her & in the evening went with her to the Atheneum.

7—Started at 11:10 for the front by way of the shore line to New York. Arrived at New York at 9 p.m. and took the Baltimore train at 12 midnight. Afternoon and night a very hard storm.

8—Arrive in Baltimore at 9 a.m. Stopped at the Eutaw House till 4 p.m. and took the boat for Ft. Monroe. My valise had not got through, Left the check (No. 7026) at the House to have it forwarded by Express.

9—Arrived at Ft. Monroe at 7 a.m. City Point at 3 p.m. and camp at 4 p.m. ending my leave and seems like a midsummer night’s dream.

10—Went to Point of Rocks to see Col. [George F.] Nichols who is there sick. Met Balling [?], my old hospital steward who is now an assistant surgeon. Afternoon writing letters.

11—Clear and warm. Went to Ft. Mansfield to attend sick call. From there up to the quartermasters. Afternoon took a ride and wrote a couple of letters.

12—Clear but very windy. One of the men died in his quarters last night after a few hours illness. Received a letter and The Atlantic for February from Fannie.

13—Clear and cold. Went to Point of Rocks Hospital to see Col. [George F.] Nichols. He is improving but talks strongly of leaving the service. Afternoon reading and writing.

14—Clear and warmer though still so cold that the Appomattox is frozen over. Rode along the line in the morning. Quartermaster [Carl] Ferber called this afternoon. Wrote a letter in regard to my valise.

15—Wet, disagreeable day. No mail today. Spent most of the time in reading, playing chess, &c. Have not received any letters from home since my return. My values has not yet arrived.

16—Warm and cloudy. Rode down to Mrs. Myers. Made a short call. Studying, chess, and writing letters. Evening in Capt. [Victor] Praxmarer’s tent.

17—Warm and rainy. Considerable musketry on our right last night. Had a few words with Asst. Surgeon [Gustav] Ohnesorg in regard to something he had said of my neglecting duty. He signed a paper denying it. A letter from Fannie.

18—Clear and warm. Went to Point of Rocks Hospital to see Col. [George F. ] Nichols. He is getting along nicely. Had a long talk with him about old times [in the 118th New York] and future prospects.

19—Bright and warm. Stayed in camp all day. Received and answered a letter from father—the first since my return. I have very little to do now and the days seem quite long.

20—Warm and pleasant. Went to the Division Hospital to have two men examined for the Invalid Corps but the Board adjourned without action. Received a letter from Col. [Oliver] Keese [118th N. Y.]. Charleston reported evacuated.

21—Bright and warm. No letters today. Evacuation of Charleston confirmed. 200 guns left. Afternoon took a ride with the Adjutant [Ernst Gerhardt]. Went to the sutlers.

22—Bright and warm. Very heavy artillery firing. One of our regiment killed. Received a letter from Fannie. Nothing farther from Charleston.

23—Warm. Drizzling rain. Received a box of wedding cake sent by Fannie from her brother’s wedding. Lieut. [Otto] Laddey returned from leave of absence. Spent most of the day in reading and playing chess.

24—Warm and wet. Forenoon at home. Received a letter from Fannie and one from Mr. Hamlin. Afternoon went up to the sutlers with the Col. and Adjutant. Rather a jolly time.

25—Raining. Received a letter from home. Wrote to E. Hamlin, Fannie, and Father. Rest of the day reading and playing chess. Too wet to go out. Heavy mortar firing in the evening.

26—Warm and cloudy. Wrote to Mary Porteous and Col. Reese. Received letters from Fannie and several business notes. My valise is all right in Baltimore but the Express Co. cannot bring anything to the army at present.

27—Clear and warm. received a letter from Baltimore in relation to my valise. Saw Col. [George F.] Nichols yesterday. He is looking better. Most of the time today reading and writing. Dr. [Gustav] Ohnesorg talks of resigning.

28—Warm with some rain. No letters. Sent Squires over to B___’s. Monthly reports &c. sent to headquarters. Most of the day reading and smoking. Mustered for 6 months pay.

March 1865

1—Cool and cloudy. No letters. Went to Mr. Mill’s house with several officers where we had some m____. Maj. Schilling and a Lieutenant were at tea with us. Continued good news from the South.

2—Cool with rain nearly all day. Received and answered a letter from Fannie. Have not been away camp. Called at Mr. Rushmore’s who is sick. Reading & playing chess.

3—Warm and cloudy. Some rain. No letters. Rode out as far as Capt. Bailey’s quarters. Played a few games of chess. It is extremely dull for me in this regiment being all foreignors.

4—Rain in the forenoon. Clear p.m. but very windy. A letter from M. J. Fitch. Called at Mr. Rushmore’s. No salutes fired today as expected on account of Lincoln’s re-inauguration. Reading and playing chess.

5—Clear and warm. Received letters from home and one from Fannie. After dinner, rode out with Maj. Schilling and Capt. Becker. Evening writing letters.

6—Clear and warm. Rode down to Point of Rocks to see Col. [George F.] Nichols. He is getting along finely and expects to go to camp next eek. Afternoon reading and playing chess.

7—Clear and warm. The great event of the day was the paymaster’s arrival. I was paid up to the 1st of January 1865. Received and answered a letter from Fannie. Rode down on the line.

8—Warm and rainy. Received letters from home and a smoking cap from Fannie. Went out on the line and got very wet. Reading and writing, &c.

9—Warm and raining. Have not been away from camp. Wrote to father & gave L. Kreuder [sutler] some money $250 to Express home for me & $60 to P. T. Barnum & Co., New York

10—Morning raining. Afternoon clear. No mail. Went out to Lieut. [Otto] Laddey’s quarters to play chess. If clear in the morning, intend going to Point of Rocks.

11—Clear and warm. Went down to Point of Rocks and took dinner with Col. [George F.] Nichols. Called on Chaplain [Charles L.] Hagar [118th New York]. Read and answered a letter from Fannie. Ordered boots from G. Babb.

12—Clear and warm. Received letters from home. Rode up to Ft. Mansfield in the morning. Sent some flowers to Col. Nichols. Evening writing.

13—Clear and warm. Roads drying very fast. Received a letter from Lieut. Northrup. He expects to come over here this week. Went to Division Headquarters and Meade Station today. Had a pleasant ride.

14—Clear and Warm. Went to Point of Rocks and from there with Col. Nichols to City Point. Capt. Delaney called while I was gone. Ordered to send off all sick who are unable to march. Looks like a move.

15—Warm and cloudy with a good deal of wind and a little rain. All surplus baggage has been sent to the rear and we are ordered to be ready to move at a moments notice. Received and answered letters from Fannie and my father.

16—Cloudy with very high wind—a perfect hurricane in the evening. Went along the line and stopped awhile at Lieut. [Otto] Laddey’s. No move yet but all kinds of rumors. Received a paper from Fannie.

17—Clear and warm. Received letters from Fannie & M. J. Fitch. Went to City Point with Capt. [Ernst] Gerhardt. Called at the German relief Association. Had a likeness taken. No farther sign of a move.

18—Clear and warm. Took some men before the examining board, two to be transferred to the Invalid Corps & one discharged. The quartermaster sergeant returned tonight and says they would not let him have my valise. The sutler Kreuder is going to try to get it.

19—Clear and warm. Went over to Point of Rocks Hospital and from there with Col. Nichols to the Crow’s Nest Battery. We had a splendid ride over the old grounds where we used to be last spring.

20—Clear and very warm. There was heavy firing on our right in the morning and rumors of a fight. And in the afternoon, firing and more rumors of another fight on the left. Received a letter from Fannie. We are fixing up round our quarters very nicely.

21—Showers during the day with heavy rain in the evening. Dr. Chubb, Surgeon in Chief of the Brigade called. Dr. [Gustav] Ohnesorg is detailed to the 60th Ohio. Most of the day writing and playing chess.

22—Clear and cool. Having the grounds around my tent fitted up and a garden made. No mail. Went to Ft. Mansfield and along the line.

23—Clear and warm but very windy. Stayed in my quarters except going on the line to see some sick. We are to move in the morning at five to Ft. McGilvery. Relieved by the 50th Penn. Vols.

24—Clear and cool. Moved camp and got my quarters fitted up as well as could be expected. I am in the ravine just in rear of the fort. There was not room enough inside.

25—Clear and warm. The Rebs charged on the 3rd Brigade sexton our left, broke through capturing two forts [Fort Stedman] and a number of men but finally were driven out again with heavy loss. Our regiment lost two killed and two wounded. I was out on the field while the flag of truce was out and saw the Reb. Gen. [Matthew W.] Ransom.

26—Clear and cool. Went down to Point of Rocks to see Col. Nichols. They have just laid another pontoon bridge and expect Sheridan’s Cavalry to cross & join the Army of the Potomac tonight.

27—Clear and warm. Went to Meades Station to see Sheridan’s Cavalry pass and then over to Ft. Haskell with Maj. Verner. Received letter from Fannie and from home.

28—Clear and warm. Went over the lines with some officers of the English army. Received a letter from Fannie and one from Col. Reese. We are ordered to be ready to move at a moments notice.

29—Clear and warm. Nothing new along the lines and but little firing. The [New York] Herald had a very good account of Saturday’s fight. Wrote to Col. Reese and to Fannie.

30—Warm with rain all day, Last night we had another attack at half past 10 lasting two hours when the rebels were repulsed. The shelling was very heavy. My tent got well riddled. Two killed and 4 wounded in this regiment.

31—Morning rain. Afternoon clear. Making out reports for end of month. Met Dr. [John Call] Dalton, the physiologist at Brigade Headquarters. Saw Dr. Hogan, Division Medical Director, who says I am to be part on the staff of operating surgeons.

April 1865

1—Clear and warm. No news from the fighting on the left. Sent in my reports for the last month. Received a letter from father acknowledging the receipt of $250.

2—Clear and war. Our regiment made a charge at daylight but were repulsed. Lost 16 men. only three companies engaged. There has been heavy fighting along the lines all day. We have taken some works. Petersburg has been burning in several places.

3—Clear and warm. Entered Petersburg this morning. Richmond is also in our possession. Ours was the first brigade in and so are to be left to do provost duty. Made the acquaintance of Mr. [H. H.] Potter and family.

4—Clear and warm. Getting our camp in order. Our pleasant time is to be short. We are ordered to move in the morning. Called on Mrs. Potter, 33 Bolingbrook [Bolingbroke] Street. Saw Miss S. Smith.

5—Clear and warm. Went down town and called on Mrs. Potter before marching. She presented me with a nice S. C. Palmetto flag. Marched out two miles beyond Sutherland’s Station and went on picket.

6—Warm and cloudy. Ordered to go to an old Reb Hospital and take care of the wounded Rebs. Made one amputation of the thick lower third. Made the acquaintance of a Confederate Surgeon—Dr. Bedan.

7—Clear and warm. Remained here dressing wounds and sending Reb soldiers to Petersburg. Rations are short nd as we get no mail here it is hardly pleasant.

8—Clear and warm. Sent off all the patients from here but have 39 confeds in the old camp in the woods. Went down there to see them. They are doing well.

9—Clear and warm. Went to Petersburg. Called on Mr. Potter. Had a pleasant visit. The patient I operated on the other evening died of secondary hemorage.

10—Warm and rainy. Move up to Sutherland’s as the patients are all move from Garrets. Dr. Bedan, C. S., service is still with me.

11—Warm and rainy. Went out to Miss Anderson’s. They are pleasant people. Gen. Ewell, Custis Lee, Kershaw, and six other Reb Generals stop here tonight as prisoners. Gen. R. Lee has surrendered his army.

12—Warm and rainy. Still in hospital at Sutherland’s. Sent all of my patients off. Went to Mr. Well’s with Dr. Hamilton. Had a pleasant call.

13—Warm and showery. Came back to my regiment ten miles from Sutherland’s. Found them in a pleasant place near Ford’s Station. Received several letters.

14—Clear and warm. Went out riding with the Colonel and Adjutant. The country shows all the desolation of war. The people say they wish it was over.

15—Cool and wet. Went to Brigade Headquarters. Capt. Dreyer and several other officers called. We have a man making cigars of tobacco found on this place.

16—Clear and warm. Received a dispatch announcing the assassination of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward and son in Washington, Large numbers of recruits are passing on their way to the front.

17—Clear and warm. Went to Division Headquarters with Col. Becker and Adjutant Gerhardt. Stopped at Verner’s Battery. Saw Harvey Beach.

18—Clear and warm. Received my valise today. It has taken a long time to come. Went down to Petersburg this evening. Called at Mrs. Potter’s. Went out for a walk with Miss Smith.

19—Clear and warm. Stayed at Mrs. Potter’s last night. Had a very pleasant visit. Took the train at 1 p.m. for camp. Arrived this evening. Found 3 letters waiting.

20—Warm and cloudy. Received marching orders and started for Petersburg. Camped two miles from the city.

21—Warm and cloudy. Started at 5 a.m. for City Point. I stopped in Petersburg at Mrs. Potter’s. Ha a pleasant forenoon with her and Miss S. Smith. Arrived at City Point just in time to take the boat for Washington.

22—Clear and warm. Lay by last night in James River. We are having a pleasant trip but rather slow.

23—Clear and cool, at any rate, much colder than around Petersburg. Arrive in Alexandria this morning and camped about two miles from the city.

24—Clear and warm. Rode round to several of the forts in this vicinity. Called at Ft. Scott and spent the afternoon with Lieut. Wilbur & wife. Had a pleasant visit. Received a letter from Fannie.

25—Clear and warm. Remain in camp. Nothing doing and we are waiting for something to turn up.

26—Clear and warm. Move up from Alexandria to near Georgetown. We had quite a warm march but got in in good season.

27—Clear and warm. Move camp a few rods. I went to Washington with Gerhardt and stopped at Gerhardt’s Hotel. Had a very pleasant time. Washington has not changed much.

28—Clear and warm. Returned to camp. Everything begins to look as if we were to remain in this part of the country though I can see no reason for keeping troops here.

29—Clear in the morning. Wet in the afternoon. Maj. French joined the regiment today. He has always been detached on staff duty. No passes granted to go to Washington at present.

30—Clear and cool. We are not allowed to go into either Georgetown or Washington. Col. Gerhardt visits us this afternoon and there was quite a reunion among the officers.

May 1865

1—Cold, wet and disagreeable with no fire, poor tents, and not the best of fare. We are rather uncomfortable. I have done very little besides smoke.

2—Clear and warm. Went out riding with the adjutant and found a road to Washington without a guard. Went in and had a good dinner. The way leads round Georgetown.

3—Clear and warm. Went with Maj. French over to the 1st Division, 19th Army Corps near Finley Hospital. Passed the old camp we used to occupy when on duty in Washington with the 118th New York.

4—Clear and warm. Remained in camp. Made application for another Asst. Surgeon. Had Brigade Dress Parade in the afternoon—the first since our arrival here.

5—Clear and warm. Received a letter from Col. Reese. Mrs. Keese is better. Rode down to Georgetown in the evening but did not stop.

6—Clear and warm. Went to Washington with Maj. French and stayed till 9 p.m. Had a very pleasant time for that city.

7—Clear and warm. Remained in camp all day. Received a letter from Fannie.

8—Warm and showery. In the forenoon went to Court Martial as a witness. Afternoon went to Washington with Maj. French. Met Mr. Loring of Boston. Went to the theatre in the evening.

9—Cold and wet. Stayed at the Union Hotel, Georgetown, last night and came to camp early this morning. It has been a very disagreeable day.

10—Cold and wet. Remained in camp a good deal. Ordered some uniform from New York as I do not think we are to be mustered out as soon as expected.

11—Cold and wet. Nothing new going on. Do not hear from home very often. Received and answered a letter from Fannie.

12—Clear and warm. In the afternoon went down to Georgetown with the adjutant. Had a very pleasant ride.

13—Clear and warm. Played chess most of the morning. After dinner went down to Georgetown. No letters today.

14—Clear and warm. It is very tedious here in camp with nothing to do. We are all anxious to get home again as the war appears to be entirely over.

15—Clear and warm. Usual routine of camp duty. Intended to of to the theatre this evening with the Colonel but he could not get a pass. Received a letter from Fannie.

16—Clear and warm. Went over to Arlington and then down to Fort Scott to see Lieut. Wilkens’ and wife. Had a pleasant call. Received a letter from Fannie.

17—Clear and warm. Remained in camp all day. No letters and they are nearly the only relief to the monotony of camp life.

18—Clear and warm in the morning. Thunderstorm in evening. Went to Washington. Took dinner with W. Wilkens at Willard’s. Met Capt. Fitch and Lt. Chamberlain. Also Adjutant Donahoe of 10th New Hampshire.

19—Cool and cloudy. Division review in the afternoon. Gen. Grant was present. Everything went off pleasant. Major French was out at camp this afternoon.

20—Warm and cloudy with some rain. Took a ride up by Chain Bridge and back through Georgetown, Received and answered a letter from Fannie.

21—Wet. Remained in camp all day. There was a large number of visitors to the regiment. Received an order to muster out all except veterans.

22—Cloudy and warm. Marched at two o’clock for East Capitol Street where we bivouacked for the night preparatory to the Grand Review. Stayed at Gerhardt’s Hotel.

23—Very warm. A splendid day. Up at 4 a.m. and went to the camp at East Capitol Street. Column formed up and wait till a little after nine and then commenced our triumphant march. A pleasant change from facing Rebels to facing roses.

24—Clear and warm. In the city all day seeing the review of Sherman’s Army. They made a fine appearance.

25—Clear ad warm. Stayed in camp all day. Mr. Loring of Boston adn Maj. French called this afternoon.

26—Cold and wet. Remained in camp all day. Received letters from Fannie, Miss Hamlin, and one of my sisters.

27—Cold and wet. A very disagreeable day. Remained in camp all day. H. Beach called in the evening. He expects to go home soon.

28—Cool and cloudy. Took a short ride. The rest of the day in camp. Was rather surprised to receive a letter from Mrs. M. D. Tracy who I had not heard from in over two years.

29—Clear and warm. Went across the river to Ft. Scott to see Lieut. Wilbur. His wife has gone home. Received a letter from Col. Nichols. He is in Richmond.

30—Clear and warm. Called on Dr. Chubb. His regiment—the 20th Michigan—was mustered out today and start for home in two days. Harve Beach called in the evening. He is a nuisance.

31—Clear and warm. Remained in camp during the forenoon. Afternoon received an order to report in Washington at once with all camp in garrison equipage camped on Capitol Hill.

June 1865

1—Clear and warm. We are detached from our Old Brigade temporarily for duty in the city. I went to Dr. Fowler’s office to report and receive instructions but did not find him.

2—Clear and warm. Stayed in camp all day. The weather is very warm but our field and staff tents are in a nice shady place and we get along nicely. A letter from Fannie.

3—Clear and warm. Called on Dr. Fowler and Dr. Ensign. They appear to be pleasant fellows. No letters today.

4—Clear and warm. Remained in camp all day. 150 of our men started for home today. We are lucky in having a shade this warm weather.

5—Clear and warm. In camp nearly all day. In the evening went to a picnic where the principal business appeared to be drinking lager.

6—Cloudy and cool. Went into the city. Spent an hour in the Capitol. In the evening called on Mrs. Portallis and her daughter.

7—Clear and warm. Remained in camp during the day, In the evening took a ride in the city, The entire regiment ordered to the arsenal [penitentiary] to relieve a regiment without ammunition guarding the [Lincoln assassination] conspirators.

8—Clear and warm with a slight shower in the evening. Col. Beckert is under arrest for some trouble with Gen. [John F.] Hartranft last night. The Gen. says he was drunk.

Alexander Gardner photograph of Gen. John F. Hartranft and staff, responsible for securing the conspirators at the Arsenal. Top row left to right: Lt. Col. S. W. Frehrich; Lt. Geissinger; Surgeon G. T. Porter. Bottom row left to right: Capt. A. R. Watts; Lt. Col. W. H. McCall; Gen. Hartranft; Col. L. A. Dodd; Capt C. Roth

9—Clear and warm. Down in the city during the morning. At noon, ordered back to our old camp at Tennalytown. Arrive in the evening and took our old position.

10—Cloudy and cool. Remained in camp all day. Capt. Kisselmark called for a short time. Received letter from Fannie.

11—Clear and warm. Remained in camp all day. There is great dissatisfaction among the officers at having Capt. [Victor] Praxmarer in command. He was half drunk on dress parade again tonight and made several mistakes.

12—Clear and cool. Remain in camp all day. Capt. Praxmarer put under arrest for being drunk on duty while Brigade Officer of the Day. [Otto] Laddey in command.

13—Warm and cloudy. Heavy thunder shower in the afternoon. Remained in camp all day. Came very near having a chill commence taking in again.

14—Warm and cloudy. Some rain. In camp all day. This life is becoming very tedious. No letters today.

15—Cool & cloudy. Forenoon in camp. Afternoon rode down to Georgetown. Rumor that we are to be sent to New York. Letter from Fannie and one from Dr. Ohnesorg.

16—Clear and warm. In the afternoon rode down to the Division Hospital and Georgetown. In the evening there was a Division Review by torchlight but an unfortunate shower soaked the crowd.

17—Cloudy and warm. Remained in camp all day. My horse has lamed himself so I cannot ride. Having at Laddey’s. Received a letter from Fannie.

18—Clear and warm. Remained in camp all day. Can learn nothing of how long we are to be kept in the service and hardly have a settled plan of where I shall go when I get out.

19—Rain. Remained in camp all day. Received and answered a letter from Fannie. Played several games of chess. Indeed, i do that nearly every day.

20—Rain all day. Remained in camp. It seems very dreary this listless life after active service. An even worse when wet.

….

July 1865

7—Clear and very warm. remained in our temporary camp. Four of the conspirators were hung today. Did not go to see the execution.

27—Clear and warm. Mustered out…

September 1865

21—Married to Fannie at 10 by Dr. E. E. Hale. At 11 started for home. Came to Rutland tonight.

W. Z. Bedon, Columbia, S. Carolina. Anderson’s Corps Hospital, Greenville, Miss.

1863-64: John Gilman to J W. Gilman

Three of the following five letter were written by John Gilman who enlisted in Co. A, 14th Ohio Infantry in mid-August 1861. He mustered in as a corporal and was promoted to sergeant before he was mortally wounded in the Battle of Chickamauga, dying of a gunshot wound to the hip three or four days afterwards.

Of the two remaining letters, one was written by Livingston Everett Beardsley (1840-1923) and the other by Capt. Albert Moore.

The Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia

Letter 1

Lavergne, Tennessee
February 28, 1863

Dear Brother,

Your letter of the 23rd inst. was received this afternoon. My health is as good as usual. The weather is warm but decidedly on the wet order. It rains nearly every other day and pours down occasionally between showers.

I have nothing new to write you. Everything is quiet in this vicinity. The fort at this place is nearly finished. It would have been done a week ago if it had not rained so much. The citizens here curse the war and everybody and everything connected with it.

We can whip the rebels in our front if we don’t get too strong a fire in the rear. Hang the Copperheads in the North & we will attend to the rebels in the South.

On the 18th inst. I sent you one hundred dollars in Uncle Sam’s promises to pay which I suppose you have received before this time.

We get the Louisville & Cincinnati & Nashville papers every day. I am second sergeant. — Jno.


Letter 2

Page from the 14th OVI, Co. A Muster Roll Log, MSU Library Digital Collections

Lavergne, Tennessee
April 2, 1863

Your letter of March 22nd was received yesterday. My health is as good as usual. The health of the regiment never was better. The weather is cool & clear.

Everything in this vicinity is as quiet as things used to be on the Potomac. Yesterday I was elected a member of the “Legion of Honor.” There is but one chance in five of its doing me any good as there is one sergeant from each company on the roll and only two from the whole regiment to be detached at one time; the others to be held in reserve. I shall try to be one of the first. This “Legion” is to be mounted and armed with the best arms the government has got—probably Colt’s revolving rifles or the Henry rifles. The Henry rifles are breach-loading and shoot sixteen times at one loading.

We expect to get another two months pay in a few days.

It is my opinion that within a very short time there will be either a big fight or a big foot race between Murfreesboro and Chattanooga. It is the general opinion here that the rebels are bringing their army from Virginia to work against Rosecrans. Let them rip. They will get hurt if they pitch into fighting “Rosa.” I wouldn’t give ten cents a mile for this country if the war continues much monger. Everything is being used up as fast as possible. Houses, barns and fences are burnt and everything that is destructible is being annihilated as fast as it can be. The South would be a good place for mechanics after the war is over if the country was not so completely bankrupt. As it is, this part of the world will be good [for] nothing for a good many years. — J. G.


Letter 3

Winchester, Tennessee
August 2nd 1863

Your letter of the 12th ult. was received about two weeks ago. I delayed writing till we got our pay. Since then I have not been able to write till today. I have been sick more than a month but have been doing duty except for the last ten or twelve days. I think now that I will be ready for duty again in a few days as there seems to be nothing with me now except lack of strength.

The health of the regiment generally is good. There are only two sick men in the regimental hospital. The Maumee men are all well as far as I know. The 14th [Ohio] received four months pay July 26th. I sent you by “State Agent” seventy dollars which you should have received by this time. This, I believe, makes the whole amount and I have sent you $255.

Everything is quiet in this vicinity. The infantry are doing nothing but the cavalry are on the move all of the time. The cars are running constantly night and day. We are about three miles from the camp we occupied last year about this time but then there was plenty of green corn here. Now there is none. We get a few green apples, not many. Any kind of vegetables are out of the question.

I wish you would send me Foreman Evans’ note. He is 2nd Lieutenant in the 38th [Ohio] and I think he will pay that note.

The weather is not so hot as it was a few weeks ago. It rains occasionally, just enough to keep things in good order. We have an abundance of good spring water, nearly as cold as ice.

Since the above was written I have received that roll book. It is just the thing I want. I am not surprised at Moses Sargeant being a Copperhead. I had anticipated it. I have heard that Dr. Burritt is a Copperhead. How is it?

August 4th. It is reported on good authority that we are to leave this place inn a few days, that we are to take twenty days rations, and are to have eight mules to each wagon. If that is so, we are probably going across the mountains. A division of cavalry left here yesterday for McMinnville. It is reported that a rebel cavalry force is going north.

It is my private opinion that we will go to East Tennessee but nobody knows. — John Gilman


Letter 4

Chattanooga, [Tennessee]
October 24, 1863

Mr. Gilman,

Dear sir, your letter of the 11th inst. was received today. It causes me great pain to corroborate the fearful statements you have already received. Your poor brother is no more. I saw him wounded on the field and tried to carry him back. Our troops were falling back at the same time and it was with the greatest exertion that I could keep up. John tried to assist me by hobbling along on one foot but he was so weak that we made slow progress.

I helped him in this way about half a mile when he became so exhausted that he could go no farther. Four Indiana boys were straggling back just where we were and volunteered to carry him to a hospital. I gave him into their hands and never saw him again. He was shot in the hip by a musket ball but in what direction the ball enters, I was unable to discover. It lodged inside. I did not think at the time that he was dangerously wounded but Frederick Barnes of our company who was also wounded and left in the hands of the Rebels but afterwards came into our lines by flag of truce says he saw John when he died, which was on Monday.

They had both been carried to the hospital but it was so full that they were left outside with a great many others. Barnes says he called to John about half an hour before he died and was answered. He says he heard John ask for a drink of water. He only took one swallow which seemed to choke him and he tried to vomit. A few minutes after this and his spirit had taken its flight for the untried realities of another world.

His loss is deeply lamented here. He was a good soldier and had gained the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. The only thing left that belonged to John is his pocket knife which is now in the possession of Barnes. I will endeavor to have it sent to you. Everything else fell into the hands of the Rebels.

Yours &c. — L[ivingston] E. Beardsley


Letter 5

Ringgold, Ga.
April 11th 1864

I certyify that I am captain commanding Company A, 14th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry and that Sergeant John Gillman was a member of my company, Co. A of the 14th Ohio Infantry. He was enlisted at Toledo, Ohio, on the 17th day of August, 1861, and mustered into the service of United States on the 28th day of October 1861 at Camp Calvert, Kentucky, by Brig. Gen. Scheoff, ad that he was mortally wounded in Battle at Chickamauga, Ga. on the 20th day of September 1863, and died from the effects of his wounds on the 24th day of September 1863.

Sergeant John Gillman was past paid by Maj. Curtice to include the 30th day of June 1863, and has pay due him fro that date to the day of his death, also a bounty of one hundred dollars.

His only brother, J. W. Gillman, of Maumee County, Ohio, is the proper person to receive all back pay and bounty.

Albert Moore, Captain, Commanding Co. A, 14th OVI

Register of Deaths in Co. A, 14th OVI, MSU Libraries Digital Collections