Category Archives: Old Capitol Prison

1862: “A Prison Song” from Old Capitol Prison

Regrettably there is no signature by the author of this poem entitled “A Prison Song.” Since it contains no strikethroughs or other editing marks, I’m going to conjecture that it was copied from somewhere—perhaps a Baltimore newspaper. If this version was actually handwritten by the author of the poem, it is likely a copy. It was found among the Bestor family papers but I have not yet been able to identify the handwriting.

I searched the internet for a printing of this poem and found it in only one source so far, that being the book published in 1911 by James J. Williamson entitled, Prison Life in the Old Capitol and Reminiscences of the Civil War. It appears on pp. 48-49 in his book with slight variations in the wording and without the final stanza. Curiously the hand written version is actually precisely dated as Feb. 9th 1862. Williamson was not imprisoned in the Old Capitol Prison until 1863 and in introducing it in his book, he states that it had been written before his arrival by someone whose name he did not know.

Because this item was found among the Bestor family papers, I dug deeper suspecting a connection to the family. I discovered that Maria Louisa Bestor (1819-1891) of Harpers Ferry—a relative of the Baltimore Bestors—was married in 1836 to Aaron Amasa Van Camp (1816-1892). Dr. Van Camp was trained in dentistry and when the Civil War broke out, he was practicing dentistry in Washington D. C. He quickly aligned himself with the South, as did many of his Bestor family cousins, and he became a prominent operative in the Rose O’Neal Greenhow Spy Ring. Using his dental office as a cover, he funneled military information across Union lines to Confederate forces. He routinely gathered military information from strategic sources including John Callan, a clerk for the US Senate Military Committee. This spy ring was sniffed out by Allan Pinkerton leading to his arrest and imprisonment in the Old Capitol Prison as a suspected spy, one of his accusers writing that the doctor was “a bitter and dangerous malignant against the government.”

Following his arrest on 31 December 1861, the doctor remained in the Old Capitol Prison until mid March 1862 when he was released after signing an oath of allegiance to the Union. This did not stop him from cooperating with the Confederate Secret Service, however. In 1864, he was discovered to be aiding the Confederacy in the destruction of steamers and foundries in locations between St. Louis and Vicksburg under the guise of being a cotton trader. [Source: Wikipedia]

Given the connection to the Bestor family and the timing of his captivity at the Old Capitol Prison, I’m going to attribute the poem to him but I can’t prove it. Perhaps it was left unsigned intentionally so as to avoid self incrimination as the doctor professed his innocence. He may have been the same “Dr.” whom the Bestor twins credited for having encouraged them to join the Confederate service. See: 1861-65: The Bestor Brothers of Baltimore.

T R A N S C R I P T I O N

A Prison Song

All prisoners confined in the old Capitol jail
Must know “Habeas Corpus” will never avail
In taking them out for ’twas lately decreed
That law is defunct to all men of our creed.

But this one advantage ’tis ours to claim
Though prisoners in fact yet proud of the name
While others the statues pull down from the shelves
We legally make other laws for ourselves.

Abe Lincoln full gorged with imperial power
Distroying the worth of long years in an hour
Makes anarchy reign heaping sin upon sin
While we are establishing order “within.”

On the streets in the halls where the multitude throng
To speak certain truths is essentially wrong
But here we’re more free be it spoken or sung
Here a lock on the door but no lock on the tongue.

Outside if you drill with a stick for a gun
You are called a “vile rebel” and treated as one
But here we’ve a barracks in every room
And in lieu of a musket disport with a broom.

We’re healthy within, but there’s danger without
For wherever you turn, there’s a gun at your snout,
But here we’re as safe as a bug in a rug
And the adage is false that “There’s death in the jug.”

We need not the twaddle of Tyrants or knaves
All the laws they make, can’t make us slaves
Unheeding the wrong and maintaining the right,
We’ll stick to our creed to the end of the fight.

So lets be content, whatever may come,
We will live upon hope in the absence of “Rum.”
And in water we’ll drink, when afflicted with drouth
A health to Old Jeff’ and success to the South.

Composed by a State Prisoner confined in the Old Capitol Prison Washington Feb 9th 1862

1862: John Merring Stroud to Lottie Sheffield

I could not find an image of John but here is one of Samuel Merring of Co. C, 86th New York Infantry who may have been John’s Cousin. Samuel was killed on 10 May 1864 at Spotsylvania Court House. (Pamela Pinney Vincent collection)

The following letters were written by Sgt. John Merring Stroud (1837-1873) of Co. K, 86th New York Infantry (a.k.a. the “Steuben Rangers”). This regiment was organized at Elmira and mustered in on 20 November 1861. Upon arrival in Washington D. C., they were attached to the 2nd Brigade, Casey’s Division, Army of the Potomac until March 1862, and then reassigned to Wadsworth’s Command of the Military District of Washington until August 1862. Their first real battle did not occur until December 1862 when they participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg. John service record indicates that he left the regiment in October 1862, however—discharged for disability.

John was from Bennett’s Creek in Steuben county, New York. His parents were Joseph D. Stroud (1799-1870) and Elizabeth Merring (1802-1883). It’s amazing that John’s letter was delivered given that he did not write Steuben county on Lottie’s address.

The Old Capitol Prison in Washington City, roughly on the location of the US Supreme Court building today.

Letter 1

Addressed to Miss Lottie Sheffield, Bennett’s Creek, New York

Headquarters Provost Marshal Office
Washington D. C.
May 1st 1862

Friend Lottie,

Yours came duly to hand and was received today, Was glad to hear that you are not discouraged although nay of your old associates have fallen even here. You see but a very small part of the horrors of war. It is truly hard to see those who you have ben almost daily with laying at the point of death and in the intensest agony. Although I have witnessed much of it, I cannot look upon such a scene without feeling for them and the friends that are to mourn their loss. All of this only makes a man fear death less, Makes him think that maybe his lot, should it be his only hope, may it be in the battle field where he may at least kill one before it is his lot to fall.

The 86th [New York] are in better health than they were a short time ago. I enjoy life well although we have to be on duty every other day and some of the time oftener.

We have many secesh prisoners here to try every day as well as a great many contrabands. The contrabands think there is no other man like Massa Lincoln. He is all right. The slaves are all freed in the District and tonight are holding a meeting celebrating their freedom. 1 Many contrabands have come from Mississippi here and every other state that own slaves. I should be happy to tell you much more but space will not permit. I think I shall come home on a furlough the last of May. Then I should be happy to see you. You must come home then. Won’t you?

Lottie, I thank you for your kindness in sending me those cakes of sugar. They were very nice and I enjoyed eating them very much. I hope you may enjoy the coming summer well in teaching. I enjoy life well here but hope to have a very nice time when I come home which will be in the course of a few weeks.

The war is progressing finely and I hope a few more months will end the main fighting. New Orleans is undoubtedly ours. When we gain Yorktown and one or two more strongholds, we must gain the whole thing which I am confident we will.

In yours you wrote you had learned a very rich thing concerning Miss Taft and myself. I should be happy indeed to have you write what it is. I cannot guess. Please do.

Excuse these imperfect lines. Also rapid penmanship and write soon. Ever yours, — Sgt. J. M. Stroud

1 There were some 3,000 slaves living in the District of Columbia in April 1862 that were freed by D. C.’s Compensated Emancipation Act. It was passed on 16 April 1862 and it compensated the slaveholders for their “property” and gave freed black people money to emigrate if they wanted to.


Letter 2

Addressed to Miss Lottie Sheffield, Bennett’s Creek, New York

Old Capitol Prison
Washington D. C.
June 12, 1862

Friend Lottie,

Yours came duly to hand. Was glad to hear you were having happy times this summer. We are yet in Washington and have charge of the secesh prison. See full better times than we would were we in the field. It is not very hot here now except once in a while a day. It does not seem as hot as it did one month ago.

Our Boys are getting reduced in number to quite a small regiment. There is a quite a god many in the sick list now with mumps and there is some few cases of the varioloid. I hope that the last mentioned disease will not rage to a very great extent but it may notwithstanding. Byron has been complaining a little for a couple of days but I do not think there is anything serious got hold of him.

We have had a good deal of rain and a considerable of cold wind.

Lottie, I do not know what to write that will interest you but will write gen[eral] news. Perhaps that will be as well as I can do this time. We had some pretty hard opposition near Richmond but hope that all opposition may be overthrown. Our forces have been driven back—all that has opposed their progress thus far and may they still drive them until they are subdued.

You must write me soon. I think of coming home next week. Then I should be happy to see you and the friends of New York. I think we could have a jolly old time. I can talk far faster than I can write. Write soon. I will close. Yours truly, — J. M. Stroud